Despite recent provably guaranteed variants, the empirical performance often remains unsatisfactory.

Emergent properties have been widely adopted as a term to describe behavior not present in smaller models but observed in larger models (Wei et al., 2022a).

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Unsupervised skill discovery is a learning paradigm that aims to acquire diverse behaviors without explicit rewards.

Lemma 2. Let Assumption 1 hold.

(Liu and Nocedal, 1989). Similar efforts have been made for Polyak stepsizes (Berrada et al., 2020; Loizou et al., 2021), in addition to new methods which combine distance to optimality with online learning convergence bounds (Cutkosky et al., 2023; Classically-inspired methods, however, have generally struggled to gain traction in deep learning.

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Video Question Answering (VideoQA) has emerged as a vital tool to evaluate agents' ability to understand human daily behaviors. Despite the recent success of large vision language models in many multi-modal tasks, complex situation reasoning over videos involving multiple human-object interaction events still remains challenging.

In this paper, we present a novel robust framework for low-level vision tasks, including denoising, object removal, frame interpolation, and super-resolution, that does not require any external training data corpus.