All bets are off on how quickly learning occurs, how fast it's implemented via autonomous enterprises, and the extent to which machines drive the global economy. The digital AI future is here, and it's going to radically change everything about the way we live and work. If that sounds far-fetched, just follow the money: From 2011 to 2015, investments in AI startups skyrocketed from $282 million to $2.4 billion. Advances in big data technologies combined with inexpensive, massively scalable infrastructure and storage solutions are opening up new applications for AI. The technology helps us perform tasks better and infinitely faster.

Whether you're interested in cognitive computing, artificial intelligence or machine learning, you probably know that the fourth industrial revolution is well underway and accelerating rapidly. The speed of change presents a challenge to developers who want to stay abreast of the latest ideas and approaches. Conferences, workshops and other meetings provide opportunities to learn where the jobs and technology is headed and a chance to learn and practice the skills necessary to keep up. Why you should attend: AI engineers, practitioners, researchers and scientists will discuss the latest developments in the field, while tutorials and workshops will give attendees a chance to hone their skills. Speakers will be drawn from a wide variety of sectors, including Microsoft, MIT, the National Science Foundation and NASA Ames Research Center.

Search in an environment with an uncertain distribution of resources involves a trade-off between exploitation of past discoveries and further exploration. This extends to information foraging, where a knowledge-seeker shifts between reading in depth and studying new domains. To study this decision-making process, we examine the reading choices made by one of the most celebrated scientists of the modern era: Charles Darwin. From the full-text of books listed in his chronologically-organized reading journals, we generate topic models to quantify his local (text-to-text) and global (text-to-past) reading decisions using Kullback-Liebler Divergence, a cognitively-validated, information-theoretic measure of relative surprise. Rather than a pattern of surprise-minimization, corresponding to a pure exploitation strategy, Darwin's behavior shifts from early exploitation to later exploration, seeking unusually high levels of cognitive surprise relative to previous eras. These shifts, detected by an unsupervised Bayesian model, correlate with major intellectual epochs of his career as identified both by qualitative scholarship and Darwin's own self-commentary. Our methods allow us to compare his consumption of texts with their publication order. We find Darwin's consumption more exploratory than the culture's production, suggesting that underneath gradual societal changes are the explorations of individual synthesis and discovery. Our quantitative methods advance the study of cognitive search through a framework for testing interactions between individual and collective behavior and between short- and long-term consumption choices. This novel application of topic modeling to characterize individual reading complements widespread studies of collective scientific behavior.

An axiomatic approach to signal reconstruction is formulated, involving a sample consistent set and a guiding set, describing desired reconstructions. New frame-less reconstruction methods are proposed, based on a novel concept of a reconstruction set, defined as a shortest pathway between the sample consistent set and the guiding set. Existence and uniqueness of the reconstruction set are investigated in a Hilbert space, where the guiding set is a closed subspace and the sample consistent set is a closed plane, formed by a sampling subspace. Connections to earlier known consistent, generalized, and regularized reconstructions are clarified. New stability and reconstruction error bounds are derived, using the largest nontrivial angle between the sampling and guiding subspaces. Conjugate gradient iterative reconstruction algorithms are proposed and illustrated numerically for image magnification.

The Orangutan looked quite magnificent. From her inquisitive eyes to her distinctive orange fur, she was just the sort of creature nature lovers adore watching on TV. But a closer inspection revealed something a little different about her. That's because she is actually an undercover robot, fitted with high-definition cameras behind her glass eyes and used to infiltrate the animal kingdom. The orangutan, as well as an adorable wolf-cub, an utterly convincing meerkat and an incredible floating otter are among 34 animatronic beasts created for the BBC's new series, Spy In The Wild.

Mechanical masterminds have spawned the Bat Bot, a soaring, sweeping and diving robot that may eventually fly circles around other drones. Because it mimics the unique and more flexible way bats fly, this 3-ounce prototype could do a better and safer job getting into disaster sites and scoping out construction zones than bulky drones with spinning rotors, said the three authors of a study released Wednesday in the journal Science Robotics. For example, it would have been ideal for going inside the damaged Fukushima nuclear plant in Japan, said study co-author Seth Hutchinson, an engineering professor at the University of Illinois. Bat Bot, a three-ounce flying robot can be more agile at getting into treacherous places than standard drones. The flying robot weighs just three ounces, and is equipped with nine joints. It measures about 8 inches from head to tail, and has a super-thin membrane that stretches to about a foot and a half.

In fact, in many countries, the internet, the very thing that was supposed to smash down the walls of authoritarianism like a sledgehammer of liberty, has been instead been co-opted by those very regimes in order to push their own agendas while crushing dissent and opposition. And with the emergence of conversational AI -- the technology at the heart of services like Google's Allo and Jigsaw or Intel's Hack Harassment initiative -- these governments could have a new tool to further censor their citizens. Turkey, Brazil, Egypt, India and Uganda have all shut off internet access when politically beneficial to their ruling parties. Nations like Singapore, Russia and China all exert outsize control over the structure and function of their national networks, often relying on a mix of political, technical and social schemes to control the flow of information within their digital borders. The effects of these policies are self-evident.

These capabilities will in many cases be integrated into our living systems. We thus face the question: What might remain uniquely human? And does this question even matter? AIs will become better and faster than unenhanced homo sapiens at nearly everything. AIs will become better and faster than unenhanced homo sapiens at nearly everything.

In what would make an excellent sidekick for Batman, scientists have built a fascinating, unconventional flying robot that moves its wings and flies just like a bat. Covered with a thin, silicon skin, the flexible wings of this mechanical creature-- called Bat Bot-- can move like bat wings do, making use of nine different artificial joints (real bats have far more joints). Anyone who's ever seen a bat flap around at dusk knows they are incredible flyers, and Soon-Jo Chung, one of the flying robot's creators, said that he gets "mesmerized" by bats' impressive flight skills, with their quick turns and perching. "Bat flight is the holy grail of aerial robotics," Chung, an associate professor at CalTech and a research scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, said during a conference call with reporters on Tuesday. The flying robotic creation is very different from a typical artificial flying device, like a quadrotor drone that uses spinning propellers.

French aerospace giant Airbus has begun developing a self-flying, electric-powered aircraft capable of autonomously carrying passengers to their destinations, according to weekly business magazine Fast Company. The computerized plane, called "Vahana" after the mythical creatures ridden by Hindu deities, would be able to make trips up to about 50 miles at about half the travel time of conventional automobile taxis and without the use of a runway. The design was fixed with eight propellers and two sets of wings, one of which would tilt upwards to raise the aircraft like a helicopter before moving 90 degrees to propel the aircraft forward. It can reportedly reach speeds of up to 115 miles per hour and carry 1,100 pounds, but was designed for single passenger use. Airbus expected the Vahana would be ready within a decade, but has already begun building its first prototype and was looking to begin conducting test flights by the end of the year.