The growth in the amount of available databases far outstrips the growth of corresponding knowledge. This creates both a need and an opportunity for extracting knowledge from databases. Many recent results have been reported on extracting different kinds of knowledge from databases, including diagnostic rules, drug side effects, classes of stars, rules for expert systems, and rules for semantic query optimization.

A workshop on high-level connectionist models was held in Las Cruces, New Mexico, on 9-11 April 1988 with support from the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence and the Office of Naval Research. John Barnden and Jordan Pollack organized and hosted the workshop and will edit a book containing the proceedings and commentary. The book will be published by Ablex as the first volume in a series entitled Advances in Connectionist and Neural Computation Theory.

Public opinion about artificial intelligence is schizophrenic. "It will never work" versus "It might cost me changes that are daily taking place in the This dichotomy of attitudes reflects a collective world because we read about them and know confusion about AI.

In fact, such a pattern can itself be considered a frame, where the position of each pixel is a slot, and the shade or A recent article by Ronald Brachman (Brachman, color at each pixel is then the attached value. It should 1985) points out some philosophical or semantic problems then be possible to represent this pattern as I have just in using the notion of a prototype, which is described by described it-z.e., by a frame representing the background, using default properties. The problem arises since default partially obscured or covered by a frame representing the properties can be overridden or cancelled in representing object of interest, partially obscured or covered by some particular instances, and therefore lack definitional power: other objects. The fact that some part of the object of interest is obscured does not mean that it is no longer there, nor As an example, Brachman presents an elephant joke: that it is not intrinsic to the object's definition. Q: What's big and gray, has a trunk, and lives in the trees?

Subjects include AI's impact on employment, the AAAI conference, a response to McCarthy's Presidential Message, AI going public, and computerless expert systems.

In response to a world in which cancer is a growing global health challenge, there is now a greater need for US Medical Physicists and other Radiation Oncology professionals across institutions to work together and be more globally engaged in the fight against cancer. There are currently many opportunities for Medical Physicists to contribute to alleviating this pressing need, especially in helping enhance access to Medical Physics Education/training and Research Excellence across international boundaries, particularly for low and middle-income countries (LMIC), which suffer from a drastic shortage of accessible knowledge and quality training programs in radiotherapy. Many Medical Physicists aremore » not aware of the range of opportunities that even with small effort could have a high impact. Faculty at the two CAMPEP-accredited Medical Physics Programs in New England: the University of Massachusetts Lowell and Harvard Medical School have developed a growing alliance to increase Access to Medical Physics Education/training and Research Excellence (AMPERE), and facilitate greater active involvement of U.S. Medical Physicists in helping the global fight against cancer and cancer disparities. In this symposium, AMPERE Alliance members and partners from Europe and Africa will present and discuss the growing global cancer challenge, the dearth of knowledge, research, and other barriers to providing life-saving radiotherapy in LMIC, mechanisms for meeting these challenges, the different opportunities for participation by Medical Physicists, including students and residents, and how participation can be facilitated to increase AMPERE for global health.

Our own early attempts (as devoted users of LISP) to use PROLOG convinced us that it would be worth the effort to create within LISP a faithful implementation of Kowalski's logic programming idea. We felt it would be very convenient to be able to set up a knowledge base of assertions inside a LISP workspace, and to compute the answers to queries simply by executing appropriate function calls.In Hayes, J. E., Michie, D., and Pao, Y.-H. (Eds.), Machine Intelligence 10. Ellis Horwood.

We briefly describe the logic programming language PROLOG concentrating on those aspects of the language that make it suitable for implementing expert systems. We show how features of expert systems such as: (1) inference generated requests for data, (2) probabilistic reasoning, (3) explanation of behaviour can be easily programmed in PROLOG. We illustrate each of these features by showing how a fault finder expert could be programmed in PROLOG.In Hayes, J. E., Michie, D., and Pao, Y.-H. (Eds.), Machine Intelligence 10. Ellis Horwood.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the extent to which knowledge can replace and support search in selecting a chess move and to delineate the issues involved. This has been carried out by constructing a program. PARADISE (PArtern Recognition Applied to Directing SEarch), which finds the best move in tactically sharp middle game positions from the games of chess masters.

... we began to program a computer understanding system thatwould attempt to process input texts. An item crucial to our ability to accomplishthis task was what we called a script. A script is a frequently repeated causalchain of events that describes a standard situation. In understanding, when it ispossible to notice that one of these standard event chains has been initiated,then it is possible to understand predictively. That is, if we know we are in arestaurant then we can understand where an "order" fits with what we justheard, who might be ordering what from whom, what preconditions (menu,sitting down) might have preceded the "order", and what is likely to happennext. All this information comes from the restaurant script.Hayes, J.E., D. Michie, and L. I. Mikulich (Eds.), Machine Intelligence 9, Ellis Horwood.