Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common orthopaedic surgery to replace a damaged knee joint with artificial implants. The inaccuracy of achieving the planned implant position can result in the risk of implant component aseptic loosening, wear out, and even a joint revision, and those failures most of the time occur on the tibial side in the conventional jig-based TKA (CON-TKA). This study aims to precisely evaluate the accuracy of the proximal tibial resection plane intra-operatively in real-time such that the evaluation processing changes very little on the CON-TKA operative procedure. Two X-ray radiographs captured during the proximal tibial resection phase together with a pre-operative patient-specific tibia 3D mesh model segmented from computed tomography (CT) scans and a trocar pin 3D mesh model are used in the proposed simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) system to estimate the proximal tibial resection plane. Validations using both simulation and in-vivo datasets are performed to demonstrate the robustness and the potential clinical value of the proposed algorithm.

A study of 476 total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients at three separate institutions found that costs could be reduced by as much as $1,215, length of stay could be cut by as much as 25%, home discharges could increase by 80% and, finally that 91% fewer TKA patients were discharged to a skilled nursing facility. As study which measured the effects of such AI based PreHab, titled "The Role of pre-habilitation with a telerehabilitation system prior to total knee arthroplasty," appears in the November 27, 2018 edition of the Annals of Translational Medicine. According to the study authors, 114 patients were selected to participate in a pre-habilitation program of exercises, nutritional advice, education regarding home safety and reducing medical risks, and pain management skills prior to surgery. A group of 362 patients were selected to participate be the control cohort and did not participate in the pre-hab program. The study was conducted at Northwell Health in San Francisco.