Intelligence might be defined as learning and performing suitable techniques to solve problems and achieve goals appropriate to the context in an uncertain, ever-varying world. A fully pre-programmed factory robot is flexible, accurate, and consistent but not intelligent. Artificial Intelligence (AI), a term coined by emeritus Stanford Professor John McCarthy in 1955, defined him as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines." Much research has humans program machines to behave cleverly, like playing chess, but, today, we emphasize machines that can learn somewhat as human beings do. Autonomous systems can independently plan and decide sequences of steps to achieve a specified goal without micro-management.