Google's greenhouse gas emissions spiked by nearly 50 percent in the last five years, due to data centers required to power artificial intelligence, according to the company's 2024 Environmental Report. The report shows the company's progress towards meeting its self-proclaimed objective of becoming carbon neutral by 2030 – despite this additional challenge. Using AI features (let alone training the models) uses a lot of energy. In 2023, researchers at AI startup Hugging Face and Carnegie Mellon University found that generating a single image using artificial intelligence can use as much energy as charging a smartphone. Google has a lot of AI projects on the go.

A three-mile stretch of Interstate 94 in Michigan will be converted into America's first smart highway. Axios reports that the Alphabet-backed startup Cavnue has started constructing the smart highway as part of a new pilot project that could spur other construction projects across the country. Two more highways are in the works for Austin, Texas and somewhere else in the Southwest, according to Cavnue's website. The new smart road is big, long car tracking system for Michigan's Department of Transportation (MDOT) and for drivers on the highway. The smart highway is designed to send data like traffic updates, weather conditions, driving conditions and stranded vehicles in the hopes of relieving traffic congestion, preventing accidents and providing efficient responses to roadway emergencies.

Smart roads have become an essential component of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). The roadside perception technology, a critical aspect of smart roads, utilizes various sensors, roadside units (RSUs), and edge computing devices to gather real-time traffic data for vehicle-road cooperation. However, the full potential of smart roads in improving the safety and efficiency of autonomous vehicles only can be realized through the mass deployment of roadside perception and communication devices. On the one hand, roadside devices require significant investment but can only achieve monitoring function currently, resulting in no profitability for investors. On the other hand, drivers lack trust in the safety of autonomous driving technology, making it difficult to promote large-scale commercial applications. To deal with the dilemma of mass deployment, we propose a novel smart-road vehicle-guiding architecture for vehicle-road cooperative autonomous driving, based on which we then propose the corresponding business model and analyze its benefits from both operator and driver perspectives. The numerical simulations validate that our proposed smart road solution can enhance driving safety and traffic efficiency. Moreover, we utilize the cost-benefit analysis (CBA) model to assess the economic advantages of the proposed business model which indicates that the smart highway that can provide vehicle-guided-driving services for autonomous vehicles yields more profit than the regular highway.

China is moving forward in the global "race to 5G," as state-owned carrier China Mobile has announced (via Xinhua) that it's already building the first 5G smart highway -- a city-scale system of roads capable of supporting cellular network-coordinated transportation services. The infrastructure is currently under construction in Wuhan, the capital of China's centrally located Hubei Province. As the country's largest telecommunications company, China Mobile plans to roll out a collection of 5G services on the highway, beginning with "smart toll stations" that could do away with current toll transponders and human operators. The carrier also plans to gather real-time traffic information and make AI-assisted predictions using the data, as well as supporting autonomous cars. While China Mobile isn't the world's first carrier to either announce 5G highway plans or begin limited deployments, it may wind up being the first to offer actual commercial and coordinated transportation services on live highways -- depending on progress made by rivals in other countries.