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c-rater:Automatic Content Scoring for Short Constructed Responses
Sukkarieh, Jana Zuheir (Educational Testing Service) | Blackmore, John (Educational Testing Service)
The education community is moving towards constructed or free-text responses and computer-based assessment. At the same time, progress in natural language processing and knowledge representation has made it possible to consider free-text or constructed responses without having to fully understand the text. c-rater is a technology at Educational Testing Service (ETS) used for automatic content scoring for short, free-text responses. This paper describes some of the major developments made in c-rater recently.