This two-part paper develops a paradigmatic theory and detailed methods of the joint electricity market design using reinforcement-learning (RL)-based simulation. In Part 2, this theory is further demonstrated by elaborating detailed methods of designing an electricity spot market (ESM), together with a reserved capacity product (RC) in the ancillary service market (ASM) and a virtual bidding (VB) product in the financial market (FM). Following the theory proposed in Part 1, firstly, market design options in the joint market are specified. Then, the Markov game model is developed, in which we show how to incorporate market design options and uncertain risks in model formulation. A multi-agent policy proximal optimization (MAPPO) algorithm is elaborated, as a practical implementation of the generalized market simulation method developed in Part 1. Finally, the case study demonstrates how to pick the best market design options by using some of the market operation performance indicators proposed in Part 1, based on the simulation results generated by implementing the MAPPO algorithm. The impacts of different market design options on market participants' bidding strategy preference are also discussed.

The scarcity of high-quality annotated medical imaging datasets is a major problem that collides with machine learning applications in the field of medical imaging analysis and impedes its advancement. Self-supervised learning is a recent training paradigm that enables learning robust representations without the need for human annotation which can be considered an effective solution for the scarcity of annotated medical data. This article reviews the state-of-the-art research directions in self-supervised learning approaches for image data with a concentration on their applications in the field of medical imaging analysis. The article covers a set of the most recent self-supervised learning methods from the computer vision field as they are applicable to the medical imaging analysis and categorize them as predictive, generative, and contrastive approaches. Moreover, the article covers 40 of the most recent research papers in the field of self-supervised learning in medical imaging analysis aiming at shedding the light on the recent innovation in the field. Finally, the article concludes with possible future research directions in the field.

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), a generalization of deep neural networks on graph data have been widely used in various domains, ranging from drug discovery to recommender systems. However, GNNs on such applications are limited when there are few available samples. Meta-learning has been an important framework to address the lack of samples in machine learning, and in recent years, the researchers have started to apply meta-learning to GNNs. In this work, we provide a comprehensive survey of different meta-learning approaches involving GNNs on various graph problems showing the power of using these two approaches together. We categorize the literature based on proposed architectures, shared representations, and applications. Finally, we discuss several exciting future research directions and open problems.

General Definition: Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science, which is concerned about the study of mechanisms of intelligent human behavior. It is done by simulation using artificial artefacts, usually with computer programs on a calculator (computer simulation). Realistic definition: The general meaning of AI suffers from the fact that the terms "intelligence" and "intelligent human behavior" themselves are not yet well defined and understood. On the other hand, AI is also a tool that can be used to empirically test theories of intelligence. The execution of programs on computers represents empirical experiments.

It's another graph neural networks survey paper today! Clearly, this covers much of the same territory as we looked at earlier in the week, but when we're lucky enough to get two surveys published in short succession it can add a lot to compare the two different perspectives and sense of what's important. In particular here, Zhou et al., have a different formulation for describing the core GNN problem, and a nice approach to splitting out the various components. Rather than make this a standalone write-up, I'm going to lean heavily on the Graph neural network survey we looked at on Wednesday and try to enrich my understanding starting from there. For this survey, the GNN problem is framed based on the formulation in the original GNN paper, 'The graph neural network model,' Scarselli 2009.

Smart manufacturing refers to using advanced data analytics to complement physical science for improving system performance and decision making. With the widespread deployment of sensors and Internet of Things, there is an increasing need of handling big manufacturing data characterized by high volume, high velocity, and high variety. Deep learning provides advanced analytics tools for processing and analysing big manufacturing data. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of commonly used deep learning algorithms and discusses their applications toward making manufacturing "smart". The evolvement of deep learning technologies and their advantages over traditional machine learning are firstly discussed.

To value the company or predict the stock return are major concerns for investors. Investors are trying to find as many indicators as possible that could effectively provide explanatory power for the stock performance, thus making favorable decisions. Researchers and analysts have employed various methods to arrive the estimates and techniques never stop advancing. Conventional statistical methods including many regression models have reached to their limitations. Machine learning methods like neural network stepped in to tackle the challenges and could be applied to more practical cases, where factors have nonlinear relationship with each other and assumptions about the statistical distribution are not available to know prior to constructing the models.

Intrusion detection and analysis has received a lot of criticism and publicity over the last several years. The Gartner report took a shot saying Intrusion Detection Systems are dead, while others believe Intrusion Detection is just reaching its maturity. The problem that few want to admit is that the current public methods of intrusion detection, while they might be mature, based solely on the fact they have been around for a while, are not extremely sophisticated and do not work very well. While there is no such thing as 100% security, people always expect a technology to accomplish more than it currently does, and this is clearly the case with intrusion detection. It needs to be taken to the next level with more advanced analysis being done by the computer and less by the human. The current area of Intrusion Detection is begging for Machine Learning to be applied to it.

Intrusion detection and analysis has received a lot of criticism and publicity over the last several years. The Gartner report took a shot saying Intrusion Detection Systems are dead, while others believe Intrusion Detection is just reaching its maturity. The problem that few want to admit is that the current public methods of intrusion detection, while they might be mature, based solely on the fact they have been around for a while, are not extremely sophisticated and do not work very well. While there is no such thing as 100% security, people always expect a technology to accomplish more than it currently does, and this is clearly the case with intrusion detection. It needs to be taken to the next level with more advanced analysis being done by the computer and less by the human. The current area of Intrusion Detection is begging for Machine Learning to be applied to it.