The exponential adoption of machine learning (ML) is propelling the world into a future of intelligent automation and data-driven solutions. However, the proliferation of malicious data manipulation attacks against ML, namely adversarial and backdoor attacks, jeopardizes its reliability in safety-critical applications. The existing detection methods against such attacks are built upon assumptions, limiting them in diverse practical scenarios. Thus, motivated by the need for a more robust and unified defense mechanism, we investigate the shared traits of adversarial and backdoor attacks and propose NoiSec that leverages solely the noise, the foundational root cause of such attacks, to detect any malicious data alterations. NoiSec is a reconstruction-based detector that disentangles the noise from the test input, extracts the underlying features from the noise, and leverages them to recognize systematic malicious manipulation. Experimental evaluations conducted on the CIFAR10 dataset demonstrate the efficacy of NoiSec, achieving AUROC scores exceeding 0.954 and 0.852 under white-box and black-box adversarial attacks, respectively, and 0.992 against backdoor attacks. Notably, NoiSec maintains a high detection performance, keeping the false positive rate within only 1\%. Comparative analyses against MagNet-based baselines reveal NoiSec's superior performance across various attack scenarios.

Artificial intelligence and machine learning are currently affecting our lives in many small but impactful ways. For example, AI and machine learning applications recommend entertainment we might enjoy through streaming services such as Netflix and Spotify. In the near future, it's predicted that these technologies will have an even larger impact on society through activities such as driving fully autonomous vehicles, enabling complex scientific research and facilitating medical discoveries. But the computers used for AI and machine learning demand a lot of energy. Currently, the need for computing power related to these technologies is doubling roughly every three to four months.

In the near future, it's predicted that these technologies will have an even larger impact on society through activities such as driving fully autonomous vehicles, enabling complex scientific research and facilitating medical discoveries. And cloud computing data centers used by AI and machine learning applications worldwide are already devouring more electrical power per year than some small countries. A research team led by the University of Washington has developed new optical computing hardware for AI and machine learning that is faster and much more energy efficient than conventional electronics. Optical computing noise essentially comes from stray light particles, or photons, that originate from the operation of lasers within the device and background thermal radiation. Of course the optical computer didn't have a human hand for writing, so its form of "handwriting" was to generate digital images that had a style similar to the samples it had studied, but were not identical to them.

Artificial intelligence and machine learning are currently affecting our lives in many small but impactful ways. For example, AI and machine learning applications recommend entertainment we might enjoy through streaming services such as Netflix and Spotify. In the near future, it's predicted that these technologies will have an even larger impact on society through activities such as driving fully autonomous vehicles, enabling complex scientific research and facilitating medical discoveries. But the computers used for AI and machine learning demand a lot of energy. Currently, the need for computing power related to these technologies is doubling roughly every three to four months.