The widespread use of sensors in modern power grids has led to the accumulation of large amounts of voltage and current waveform data, especially during fault events. However, the lack of labeled datasets poses a significant challenge for fault classification and analysis. This paper explores the application of unsupervised clustering techniques for fault diagnosis in high-voltage power systems. A dataset provided by the Reseau de Transport d'Electricite (RTE) is analyzed, with frequency domain features extracted using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The K-Means algorithm is then applied to identify underlying patterns in the data, enabling automated fault categorization without the need for labeled training samples. The resulting clusters are evaluated in collaboration with power system experts to assess their alignment with real-world fault characteristics. The results demonstrate the potential of unsupervised learning for scalable and data-driven fault analysis, providing a robust approach to detecting and classifying power system faults with minimal prior assumptions.

Postmortem analysis is essential in the management of incidents within cloud systems, which provides valuable insights to improve system's reliability and robustness. At CloudA, fault pattern profiling is performed during the postmortem phase, which involves the classification of incidents' faults into unique categories, referred to as fault pattern. By aggregating and analyzing these fault patterns, engineers can discern common faults, vulnerable components and emerging fault trends. However, this process is currently conducted by manual labeling, which has inherent drawbacks. On the one hand, the sheer volume of incidents means only the most severe ones are analyzed, causing a skewed overview of fault patterns. On the other hand, the complexity of the task demands extensive domain knowledge, which leads to errors and inconsistencies. To address these limitations, we propose an automated approach, named FaultProfIT, for Fault pattern Profiling of Incident Tickets. It leverages hierarchy-guided contrastive learning to train a hierarchy-aware incident encoder and predicts fault patterns with enhanced incident representations. We evaluate FaultProfIT using the production incidents from CloudA. The results demonstrate that FaultProfIT outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Our ablation study and analysis also verify the effectiveness of hierarchy-guided contrastive learning. Additionally, we have deployed FaultProfIT at CloudA for six months. To date, FaultProfIT has analyzed 10,000+ incidents from 30+ cloud services, successfully revealing several fault trends that have informed system improvements.

Permanent faults induced due to imperfections in the manufacturing process of Deep Neural Network (DNN) accelerators are a major concern, as they negatively impact the manufacturing yield of the chip fabrication process. Fault-aware training is the state-of-the-art approach for mitigating such faults. However, it incurs huge retraining overheads, specifically when used for large DNNs trained on complex datasets. To address this issue, we propose a novel Fault-Aware Quantization (FAQ) technique for mitigating the effects of stuck-at permanent faults in the on-chip weight memory of DNN accelerators at a negligible overhead cost compared to fault-aware retraining while offering comparable accuracy results. We propose a lookup table-based algorithm to achieve ultra-low model conversion time. We present extensive evaluation of the proposed approach using five different DNNs, i.e., ResNet-18, VGG11, VGG16, AlexNet and MobileNetV2, and three different datasets, i.e., CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100 and ImageNet. The results demonstrate that FAQ helps in maintaining the baseline accuracy of the DNNs at low and moderate fault rates without involving costly fault-aware training. For example, for ResNet-18 trained on the CIFAR-10 dataset, at 0.04 fault rate FAQ offers (on average) an increase of 76.38% in accuracy. Similarly, for VGG11 trained on the CIFAR-10 dataset, at 0.04 fault rate FAQ offers (on average) an increase of 70.47% in accuracy. The results also show that FAQ incurs negligible overheads, i.e., less than 5% of the time required to run 1 epoch of retraining. We additionally demonstrate the efficacy of our technique when used in conjunction with fault-aware retraining and show that the use of FAQ inside fault-aware retraining enables fast accuracy recovery.