The spread and rapid development of AI-related technologies are influencing many aspects of our daily lives, from social to educational, including the labour market. Many researchers have been highlighting the key role AI and technologies play in reshaping jobs and their related tasks, either by automating or enhancing human capabilities in the workplace. Can we estimate if, and to what extent, jobs and related tasks are exposed to the risk of being automatized by state-of-the-art AI-related technologies? Our work tackles this question through a data-driven approach: (i) developing a reproducible framework that exploits a battery of open-source Large Language Models to assess current AI and robotics' capabilities in performing job-related tasks; (ii) formalising and computing an AI exposure measure by occupation, namely the teai (Task Exposure to AI) index. Our results show that about one-third of U.S. employment is highly exposed to AI, primarily in high-skill jobs (aka, white collars). This exposure correlates positively with employment and wage growth from 2019 to 2023, indicating a beneficial impact of AI on productivity. The source codes and results are publicly available, enabling the whole community to benchmark and track AI and technology capabilities over time.

Who is winning the race for jobs between robots and humans? Last year, two leading economists described a future in which humans come out ahead. But now they've declared a different winner: the robots. The industry most affected by automation is manufacturing. For every robot per thousand workers, up to six workers lost their jobs and wages fell by as much as three-fourths of a percent, according to a new paper by the economists, Daron Acemoglu of M.I.T. and Pascual Restrepo of Boston University.

A new working paper finds that the arrival of one new industrial robot in a local labor market coincides with an employment drop of 5.6 workers. These papers have not been peer-reviewed, but are circulated by their authors for comment and discussion. With the NBER's blessing, Making Sen$e is pleased to feature these summaries regularly on our page. The following summary was written by the NBER and doesn't necessarily reflect the views of Making Sen$e. With America's workers already squeezed by forces ranging from international competition to offshoring to new information technologies, concern is growing about the impact of robots on jobs and wages.