Patient similarity computation (PSC) is a fundamental problem in healthcare informatics. The aim of the patient similarity computation is to measure the similarity among patients according to their historical clinical records, which helps to improve clinical decision support. This paper presents a novel distributed patient similarity computation (DPSC) technique based on data transformation (DT) methods, utilizing an effective combination of time series and static data. Time series data are sensor-collected patients' information, including metrics like heart rate, blood pressure, Oxygen saturation, respiration, etc. The static data are mainly patient background and demographic data, including age, weight, height, gender, etc. Static data has been used for clustering the patients. Before feeding the static data to the machine learning model adaptive Weight-of-Evidence (aWOE) and Z-score data transformation (DT) methods have been performed, which improve the prediction performances. In aWOE-based patient similarity models, sensitive patient information has been processed using aWOE which preserves the data privacy of the trained models. We used the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) approach, which is robust and very popular, for time series similarity. However, DTW is not suitable for big data due to the significant computational run-time. To overcome this problem, distributed DTW computation is used in this study. For Coronary Artery Disease, our DT based approach boosts prediction performance by as much as 11.4%, 10.20%, and 12.6% in terms of AUC, accuracy, and F-measure, respectively. In the case of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF), our proposed method achieves performance enhancement up to 15.9%, 10.5%, and 21.9% for the same measures, respectively. The proposed method reduces the computation time by as high as 40%.

This study presents a machine learning-based framework for heart disease prediction using the heart-disease dataset, comprising 303 samples with 14 features. The methodology involves data preprocessing, model training, and evaluation using three classifiers: Logistic Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Random Forest. Hyperparameter tuning with GridSearchCV and RandomizedSearchCV was employed to enhance model performance. The Random Forest classifier outperformed other models, achieving an accuracy of 91% and an F1-score of 0.89. Evaluation metrics, including precision, recall, and confusion matrix, revealed balanced performance across classes. The proposed model demonstrates strong potential for aiding clinical decision-making by effectively predicting heart disease. Limitations such as dataset size and generalizability underscore the need for future studies using larger and more diverse datasets. This work highlights the utility of machine learning in healthcare, offering insights for further advancements in predictive diagnostics.

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in safety-critical applications such as healthcare, yet the ability to quantify performance has lagged. An example of this challenge is in evaluating a summary of the patient's medical record. A resulting summary can enable the provider to get a high-level overview of the patient's health status quickly. Yet, a summary that omits important facts about the patient's record can produce a misleading picture. This can lead to negative consequences on medical decision-making. We propose MED-OMIT as a metric to explore this challenge. We focus on using provider-patient history conversations to generate a subjective (a summary of the patient's history) as a case study. We begin by discretizing facts from the dialogue and identifying which are omitted from the subjective. To determine which facts are clinically relevant, we measure the importance of each fact to a simulated differential diagnosis. We compare MED-OMIT's performance to that of clinical experts and find broad agreement We use MED-OMIT to evaluate LLM performance on subjective generation and find some LLMs (gpt-4 and llama-3.1-405b) work well with little effort, while others (e.g. Llama 2) perform worse.

Survival modeling in healthcare relies on explainable statistical models; yet, their underlying assumptions are often simplistic and, thus, unrealistic. Machine learning models can estimate more complex relationships and lead to more accurate predictions, but are non-interpretable. This study shows it is possible to estimate hospitalization for congestive heart failure by a 30 seconds single-lead electrocardiogram signal. Using a machine learning approach not only results in greater predictive power but also provides clinically meaningful interpretations. We train an eXtreme Gradient Boosting accelerated failure time model and exploit SHapley Additive exPlanations values to explain the effect of each feature on predictions. Our model achieved a concordance index of 0.828 and an area under the curve of 0.853 at one year and 0.858 at two years on a held-out test set of 6,573 patients. These results show that a rapid test based on an electrocardiogram could be crucial in targeting and treating high-risk individuals.

Artificial intelligence isn't just a tool for pure tech -- health care providers can use it too. Clinical practice and AI go together, three top health care leaders at national enterprises agreed during a panel at Transform 2021 hosted by VentureBeat general manager Shuchi Rana. Using data to reduce medical waste and over-testing can help hospital systems save money, said Dr. Doug Melton, head of clinical and customer analytics at Evernorth, a subsidiary of insurance giant Cigna. "Before, we had unsupervised learning, and it was harder to do. You had to be prescriptive in your hypotheses," Melton said.

Data Science Fails – If It Looks Too Good To Be True… You've probably seen amazing AI news headlines such as: AI can predict earthquakes. Using just a single heartbeat, an AI achieved 100% accuracy predicting congestive heart failure. AI can diagnose covid19 in seconds from a chest scan. A new marketing model is promising to increase the response rate tenfold. It all seems too good to be true.

An artificial intelligence (AI) neural network identified congestive heart failure with 100% accuracy, according to the findings of a study published in Biomedical Signal Processing and Control Journal. Just one raw electrocardiogram (ECG) heartbeat was what the AI needed to identify the condition, according to the paper. "Enabling clinical practitioners to access an accurate (congestive heart failure) detection tool can make a significant societal impact, with patients benefiting from early and more efficient diagnosis and easing pressures on (National Health Service) resources," said Leandro Pecchia, Ph.D., assistant professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Warwick in England. Typical congestive heart failure detection methods focus on heart variability and are time consuming and prone to errors, according to researchers. Instead, the research team developed a model which uses a combination of advanced signal processing and machine-learning tools on raw ECG signals.

A new study has reported success in identifying severe heart failure in 100% of cases using a single heartbeat recording from an electrocardiogram (ECG). Medically, the condition called congestive heart failure (CHF) refers to a chronic loss of pumping power in the heart which is progressive. It is fairly common, causes significant illness and disability, and pushes up the costs of medical care. It affects about 26 million people around the world, and is more common in the elderly. It causes a considerable number of deaths, with about 40% mortality among the most severe cases.

If you think they've thought of everything, what about a toilet that costs $8,000? It could come to a loo near you by the end of 2019. What could possibly make a bit of porcelain worth that much money? It might just become priceless if its smart technology can identify a health problem before its too late. Here is how artificial intelligence is being used for toilets.

Mount Sinai Health System announced that it has tapped CloudMedx to help pinpoint people at risk of congestive heart failure as part of its emerging program dubbed HealthPromise. The plan is to harness CloudMedx predictive insights for evidence-based care interventions to reduce readmissions and, ultimately, improve patient outcomes. "We are passionate about bringing advanced analytics to the forefront of managing our chronic patients and improving our patient well-being," Ashish Atreja, MD, chief technology innovation and engagement officer in medicine at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, said in a statement. "As an industry, we do not have a sufficiently sophisticated tool to predict certain things such as disease progression and resulting readmissions in hospitals," Atreja added. "We are working with CloudMedx to use new guidelines and algorithms, using clinical data to determine these risks and predictors." Atreja explained that the CloudMedx AI platform can ingest and process large amounts of data and compute big data analytics.