To further validate the algorithm's convergence and robustness, we repeated the damage identification process 10 times for each test scenario. As an example, the best objective function value per generation for the Legs 4 and 5 missing scenario is shown in Figure 1. Across the 10 identification runs, the resulting morphology was either identical or differed by a single link within the identified damaged legs, a discrepancy discussed before. The most frequently identified morphology is reported in Table III, representing the most probable morphological configuration based on the algorithm's convergence behavior. As shown in Figure 1, the algorithm converged to three distinct morphologies over 10 attempts.

One of the essential aspects of humanoid robot running is determining the limb-swinging trajectories. During the flight phases, where the ground reaction forces are not available for regulation, the limb swinging trajectories are significant for the stability of the next stance phase. Due to the conservation of angular momentum, improper leg and arm swinging results in highly tilted and unsustainable body configurations at the next stance phase landing. In such cases, the robotic system fails to maintain locomotion independent of the stability of the center of mass trajectories. This problem is more apparent for fast and high flight time trajectories. This paper proposes a real-time nonlinear limb trajectory optimization problem for humanoid running. The optimization problem is tested on two different humanoid robot models, and the generated trajectories are verified using a running algorithm for both robots in a simulation environment.

We present an open-source library for seamless robot control through motion capture using smartphones and smartwatches. Our library features three modes: Watch Only Mode, enabling control with a single smartwatch; Upper Arm Mode, offering heightened accuracy by incorporating the smartphone attached to the upper arm; and Pocket Mode, determining body orientation via the smartphone placed in any pocket. These modes are applied in two real-robot tasks, showcasing placement accuracy within 2 cm compared to a gold-standard motion capture system. WearMoCap stands as a suitable alternative to conventional motion capture systems, particularly in environments where ubiquity is essential. The library is available at: www.github.com/wearable-motion-capture.

This paper introduces iRoCo (intuitive Robot Control) - a framework for ubiquitous human-robot collaboration using a single smartwatch and smartphone. By integrating probabilistic differentiable filters, iRoCo optimizes a combination of precise robot control and unrestricted user movement from ubiquitous devices. We demonstrate and evaluate the effectiveness of iRoCo in practical teleoperation and drone piloting applications. Comparative analysis shows no significant difference between task performance with iRoCo and gold-standard control systems in teleoperation tasks. Additionally, iRoCo users complete drone piloting tasks 32\% faster than with a traditional remote control and report less frustration in a subjective load index questionnaire. Our findings strongly suggest that iRoCo is a promising new approach for intuitive robot control through smartwatches and smartphones from anywhere, at any time. The code is available at www.github.com/wearable-motion-capture

In soccer, contextual player performance metrics are invaluable to coaches. For example, the ability to perform under pressure during matches distinguishes the elite from the average. Appropriate pressure metric enables teams to assess players' performance accurately under pressure and design targeted training scenarios to address their weaknesses. The primary objective of this paper is to leverage both tracking and event data and game footage to capture the pressure experienced by the possession team in a soccer game scene. We propose a player pressure map to represent a given game scene, which lowers the dimension of raw data and still contains rich contextual information. Not only does it serve as an effective tool for visualizing and evaluating the pressure on the team and each individual, but it can also be utilized as a backbone for accessing players' performance. Overall, our model provides coaches and analysts with a deeper understanding of players' performance under pressure so that they make data-oriented tactical decisions.

Future planetary exploration missions will require reaching challenging regions such as craters and steep slopes. Such regions are ubiquitous and present science-rich targets potentially containing information regarding the planet's internal structure. Steep slopes consisting of low-cohesion regolith are prone to flow downward under small disturbances, making it very challenging for autonomous rovers to traverse. Moreover, the navigation trajectories of rovers are heavily limited by the terrain topology and future systems will need to maneuver on flowable surfaces without getting trapped, allowing them to further expand their reach and increase mission efficiency. In this work, we used a laboratory-scale rover robot and performed maneuvering experiments on a steep granular slope of poppy seeds to explore the rover's turning capabilities. The rover is capable of lifting, sweeping, and spinning its wheels, allowing it to execute leg-like gait patterns. The high-dimensional actuation capabilities of the rover facilitate effective manipulation of the underlying granular surface. We used Bayesian Optimization (BO) to gain insight into successful turning gaits in high dimensional search space and found strategies such as differential wheel spinning and pivoting around a single sweeping wheel. We then used these insights to further fine-tune the turning gait, enabling the rover to turn 90 degrees at just above 4 seconds with minimal slip. Combining gait optimization and human-tuning approaches, we found that fast turning is empowered by creating anisotropic torques with the sweeping wheel.

Falling cat problem is well-known where cats show their super aerial reorientation capability and can land safely. For their robotic counterparts, a similar falling quadruped robot problem, has not been fully addressed, although achieving safe landing as the cats has been increasingly investigated. Unlike imposing the burden on landing control, we approach to safe landing of falling quadruped robots by effective flight phase control. Different from existing work like swinging legs and attaching reaction wheels or simple tails, we propose to deploy a 3-DoF morphable inertial tail on a medium-size quadruped robot. In the flight phase, the tail with its maximum length can self-right the body orientation in 3D effectively; before touch-down, the tail length can be retracted to about 1/4 of its maximum for impressing the tail's side-effect on landing. To enable aerial reorientation for safe landing in the quadruped robots, we design a control architecture, which has been verified in a high-fidelity physics simulation environment with different initial conditions. Experimental results on a customized flight-phase test platform with comparable inertial properties are provided and show the tail's effectiveness on 3D body reorientation and its fast retractability before touch-down. An initial falling quadruped robot experiment is shown, where the robot Unitree A1 with the 3-DoF tail can land safely subject to non-negligible initial body angles.

Lower back pain (LBP) recently became a severe and common problem for most office workers. The majority of people, including office workers and students with poor sitting postures whilst working, are experiencing lower back pain, which causes difficulty in daily moving and other inconveniences. There are many treatments dealing with lower back pain, but most treatments includes ergonomic equipment, so physiotherapy can only offer light relief, rather than solving the problem at the source. The aim of this project is to develop a novel way to designing a dynamic siting posture recognition and correction system. This system can identify people's sitting posture and provide its real time information to patients, letting them realise what posture they are acting now, aiming to re-build the awareness of their muscle and spatial position.

January 20, 2017 --The ants go marching … backward. Desert ants forage alone, each carrying the snacks they find back to their nest. But sometimes the little insects find meals too massive to lift up in their jaws, and they have to drag their prize home, backward. Now researchers have an idea how the ants figure out where to go without looking where they're going. The little insects might combine visual memories with cues from the sky to follow the right path, even if they can't see it every step of the way.

Ants are even more impressive at navigating than we thought. Scientists say they can follow a compass route, regardless of the direction in which they are facing. It is the equivalent of trying to find your way home while walking backwards or even spinning round and round. Experiments suggest ants keep to the right path by plotting the Sun's position in the sky which they combine with visual information about their surroundings. "Our main finding is that ants can decouple their direction of travel from their body orientation," said Dr Antoine Wystrach of the University of Edinburgh and CNRS in Paris.