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Scale Up Nonlinear Component Analysis with Doubly Stochastic Gradients

Neural Information Processing Systems

Nonlinear component analysis such as kernel Principle Component Analysis (KPCA) and kernel Canonical Correlation Analysis (KCCA) are widely used in machine learning, statistics and data analysis, but they can not scale up to big datasets. Recent attempts have employed random feature approximations to convert the problem to the primal form for linear computational complexity. However, to obtain high quality solutions, the number of random features should be the same order of magnitude as the number of data points, making such approach not directly applicable to the regime with millions of data points.We propose a simple, computationally efficient, and memory friendly algorithm based on the doubly stochastic gradients'' to scale up a range of kernel nonlinear component analysis, such as kernel PCA, CCA and SVD. Despite the \emph{non-convex} nature of these problems, our method enjoys theoretical guarantees that it converges at the rate \Otil(1/t) to the global optimum, even for the top k eigen subspace. Unlike many alternatives, our algorithm does not require explicit orthogonalization, which is infeasible on big datasets.


FastPacket: Towards Pre-trained Packets Embedding based on FastText for next-generation NIDS

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

New Attacks are increasingly used by attackers everyday but many of them are not detected by Intrusion Detection Systems as most IDS ignore raw packet information and only care about some basic statistical information extracted from PCAP files. Using networking programs to extract fixed statistical features from packets is good, but may not enough to detect nowadays challenges. We think that it is time to utilize big data and deep learning for automatic dynamic feature extraction from packets. It is time to get inspired by deep learning pre-trained models in computer vision and natural language processing, so security deep learning solutions will have its pre-trained models on big datasets to be used in future researches. In this paper, we proposed a new approach for embedding packets based on character-level embeddings, inspired by FastText success on text data. We called this approach FastPacket. Results are measured on subsets of CIC-IDS-2017 dataset, but we expect promising results on big data pre-trained models. We suggest building pre-trained FastPacket on MAWI big dataset and make it available to community, similar to FastText. To be able to outperform currently used NIDS, to start a new era of packet-level NIDS that can better detect complex attacks.


MCMC for big datasets -- faster sampling with JAX and the GPU

#artificialintelligence

You'll often hear people say that MCMC is too slow for big datasets. For the very biggest datasets with millions of observations, there may be some truth to that. But the developers of PyMC and Stan are constantly refining their samplers, and it's now possible to fit models to much bigger datasets than you might think. In particular, since the PyMC developers introduced it a bit over a year ago, I've been really excited about PyMC's JAX support. I've been a fan of JAX for years and think that it's a great platform for Bayesian modelling.


External validation of clinical prediction models using big datasets from e-health records or IPD meta-analysis: opportunities and challenges

#artificialintelligence

Access to big datasets from e-health records and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis is signalling a new advent of external validation studies for clinical prediction models. In this article, the authors illustrate novel opportunities for external validation in big, combined datasets, while drawing attention to methodological challenges and reporting issues. #### Summary points A popular type of clinical research is the development of statistical models that predict disease presence and outcome occurrence in individuals,123 thereby informing clinical diagnosis and prognosis. Such models are referred to here as diagnostic and prognostic prediction models, but they have many other names including risk models, risk scores, and clinical prediction rules. They are typically developed by use of a multivariable regression framework, which provides an equation to estimate an individual’s risk based on values of multiple predictors (such as age and smoking, or biomarkers and genetic information). …


Scale Up Nonlinear Component Analysis with Doubly Stochastic Gradients

Neural Information Processing Systems

Nonlinear component analysis such as kernel Principle Component Analysis (KPCA) and kernel Canonical Correlation Analysis (KCCA) are widely used in machine learning, statistics and data analysis, but they can not scale up to big datasets. Recent attempts have employed random feature approximations to convert the problem to the primal form for linear computational complexity. However, to obtain high quality solutions, the number of random features should be the same order of magnitude as the number of data points, making such approach not directly applicable to the regime with millions of data points.We propose a simple, computationally efficient, and memory friendly algorithm based on the doubly stochastic gradients'' to scale up a range of kernel nonlinear component analysis, such as kernel PCA, CCA and SVD. Despite the \emph{non-convex} nature of these problems, our method enjoys theoretical guarantees that it converges at the rate $\Otil(1/t)$ to the global optimum, even for the top $k$ eigen subspace. Unlike many alternatives, our algorithm does not require explicit orthogonalization, which is infeasible on big datasets. We demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of our algorithm on large scale synthetic and real world datasets.


Why small data is the future of AI – Towards Data Science

#artificialintelligence

I've spent the last 8 months going out and pitching big ideas for artificial intelligence solutions. I'm very frequently faced with business people who have been schooled for the last decade on the importance of data. However, this means my services often get conflated with data analytics and big-data consulting. From the business person's perspective, their ask is simple: "We have all this big-data. Can you come in and make us more money from it?"


Clustering Mixed Datasets Using Homogeneity Analysis with Applications to Big Data

arXiv.org Machine Learning

Datasets with a mixture of categorical and numerical attributes are pervasive in applications from business and socioeconomic settings. Clustering these datasets is an important activity in their analysis. Techniques to cluster these datasets have been developed by researchers, see for example [1], [2] and [3]. Techniques to cluster mixed datasets either prescribe a probabilistic generative model [4] or use a dissimilarity measure [5] to compute a dissimilarity matrix that is then clustered. Each of these approaches have issues that need to be addressed when they are applied to big datasets - datasets with a large number of instances compared to attributes.