Metaphors and sarcasm are precious fruits of our highly-evolved social communication skills. However, children with Asperger syndrome are known to have difficulties in comprehending sarcasm, even if they possess a certain level of verbal IQ sufficient for understanding metaphors. Given that, a screening test that scores the ability to understand metaphor and sarcasm has been used to differentiate Asperger syndrome from other symptoms exhibiting akin external behaviors (e.g., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder). This study uses the standardized test to examine the capability of recent large language models (LLMs) in understanding human nuanced communication. The results divulged that, whereas their ability to comprehend metaphors has been improved with the increase of the number of model parameters, the improvement in sarcasm understanding was not observed. This implies that an alternative approach is imperative to imbue LLMs with the capacity to grasp sarcasm, which has been associated with the amygdala, a pivotal cerebral region for emotional learning, in the case of humans.

Over the weekend, Elon Musk used the occasion of his Saturday Night Live opening monologue to announce that he has Asperger syndrome, a form of autism. Musk claimed to be making history as, "the first person with Asperger's to host--or at least the first to admit it." At Newsweek, opinion contributor Peter Fox described it as a "small but significant milestone in the history of neurodiversity." There aren't that many openly autistic writers out there, and we tend to know each other, so I want to be clear that I respect Peter deeply. However, I could not disagree with him more on the nature of this "milestone."

This article was co-written by Adeline Lacroix, who works with Fabienne Cazalis and was recently diagnosed with Asperger syndrome. A second year master's student in psychology, she is working on a scientific literature review about the characteristics of high-functioning autistic women. The description we'll give could be that of any woman who is on the autistic spectrum without knowing it. Because they're intelligent and used to compensating for communication impediments they may not be consciously aware of, these women slip through the cracks of our still-too-inefficient diagnostic procedures. Studies reveal one woman for every nine men is diagnosed with so-called "high-functioning" autism, that is, autism without intellectual disability. If we compare this to the one woman for every four men diagnosed with the more readily identified "low-functioning" autism, we can easily imagine many autistic women are left undiagnosed.