The latest news about Google's head of search, Amit Singhal, to leave the company he spent 15 years with, had the shocking effect on the SEO community. And what is more surprising - his successor, John Giannandrea, is the one who has worked on artificial intelligence at Google (including RankBrain - the part of search algorithm which uses AI to work with a queries search engine was not able to understand before). With this change of executives, we may be on the verge of a new era - the era of transition from the algorithm-based search to AI-based search. To power its artificial intelligence, Google uses deep learning (also known as neural networks) - one of machine learning methods, which uses a mathematical model to mimic the way as human brain neurons work. Deep learning is built on the concept of digital neurons, organized into layers.

This archive file was compiled from an interview conducted at the Googleplex in Mountain View, California, 2013. As late as the 1980s and the 1990s, the common person seeking stored knowledge would likely be faced with using an 18th century technology - the library index card catalogue - in order to find something on the topic he or she was looking for. Fifteen years later, most people would be able to search, at any time and any place, a collection of information that dwarfed that of any library. And unlike the experience with a library card catalogue, this new technology rarely left the user empty-handed. Information retrieval had been a core technology of humanity since written language -- but as an actual area of research it was so niche that before the 1950s, nobody had bothered to give the field a name.