Natural language processing (NLP) is a revolutionary technology that enables machines to understand and communicate with human language, using AI. How can a computer, which usually understands a precise, marked out and structured programming language, understand the imprecise and ambiguous human language? For François Yvon, a researcher specialising in NLP, this technology means " all research and development aimed at modelling and reproducing, with the help of machines, the human capacity to produce and understand linguistic statements for communication purposes ». The ability to understand human language is not a new concept; as early as 1950, the famous mathematician Alan Turing proposed a test that assessed the intelligence of a machine by its ability to hold a human conversation. It was during the 1950s that the first NLP tests were carried out.