This paper describes a data structure, MENS (MEmory Net Structure), that is useful for storing semantic information stemming from a natural language, and a system, MENTAL (MEmory Net That Answers and Learns) that interacts with a user (human or program), stores information into and retrieves information from MENS and interprets some information in MENS as rules telling it how to deduce new information from what is already stored. MENTAL can be used as a guestion-answering system with formatted input/output, as a vehicle for experimenting with various theories of semantic structures or as the memory management portion of a natural language question-answering system.See also:U. Wisconsin Technical Report 109 versionScanned, non-OCR, versionIn IJCAI-71: INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. British Computer Society, London, pp. 512-523.

A paradigm enabling heuristic problem solving programs to exploit an analogy between a current unsolved problem and a similar but previously solved problem to simplify it s search for a solu­tion is outlined. It is developed in detail for a first-order resolution logic theorem prover. Descriptions of the paradigm, implemented LISP programs, and preliminary experimental results are presented. This is believed to be the firs t system that develops analogical information and exploits it so that a problem-solving program can speed its search.IJCAI-71, British Computer Society, London, 1971. Revised version in Artificial intelligence 2(2):147- 178, fall, 1971.

Research Memorandum MIP-R-92. University of Edinburgh: Department of Machine Intelligence, School of Artificial Intelligence

Proceedings of the IJCAI, pp 359-364, London: British Computer Society, September 1971

In IJCAI 1971: INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.

Reprinted in Readings in Planning, edited by J. Allen, J. Hendler, and A. Tate, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Mateo, California, 1990. Also Reprinted in Computation and Intelligence: Collected Readings, edited by George F. Luger, AAAI Press, 1995. See also: Artificial Intelligence, Volume 2, Issues 3–4, Winter 1971, Pages 189–208 In IJCAI-71: INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. British Computer Society, London.. Revised version in Artificial Intelligence, 2(3), pp 189-208.

Machine Intelligence 6

This paper is in the nature of a challenge to artificial intelligence experts. It suggests that the techniques of artificial intelligence should be applied to some realistic problems which exist in the programming and data processing fields. After a brief review of the little related existing work which has been done, the characteristics of programming problems which make them suitable for the application of artificial intelligence techniques are given. Specific illustrations of problems are provided under the broadcategories of data structure and organization, program structure and organization, improvements and corrections of programs, and language.In IJCAI-71: INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. British Computer Society, London.

"The Meta-DENDRAL program is a vehicle for studying problems of theory formation in science. The general strategy of Meta-DENDRAL is to reason from data to plausible generalizations and then to organize the generalizations into a unified theory. Three main subprobleras are discussed: (1) explain the experimental data for each individual chemical structure, (2) generalize the results from each structure to a l l structures, and (3) organize the generalizations into a unified theory. The program is built upon the concepts and programmed routines already available in the Heuristic DENDRAL performance program, but goes beyond the performance program in attempting to formulate the theory which the performance program will use."In IJCAI-71: INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. British Computer Society, London. pp. 40-50

This paper echoes, from a philosophical standpoint, the claim of McCarthy and Hayes that Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence have important relations. Philosophical problems about the use of “intuition” in reasoning are related, via a concept of anlogical representation, to problems in the simulation of perception, problem-solving and the generation of useful sets of possibilities in considering how to act. The requirements for intelligent decision-making proposed by McCarthy and Hayes are criticised as too narrow, and more general requirements are suggested instead.See also: Artificial Intelligence, Volume 2, Issues 3–4, Winter 1971, Pages 209–225In IJCAI 1971: INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.. Revised paper in Artificial Intelligence 2:209- 225