Our paper differs from that work in at least 4 ways.

The future is coming at Croydon fast. It might not look like Britain's cutting edge but North End, a pedestrianised high street lined with the usual mix of pawn shops, fast-food outlets and branded clothing stores, is expected to be one of two roads to host the UK's first fixed facial recognition cameras. Digital photographs of passersby will be silently taken and processed to extract the measurements of facial features, known as biometric data. They will be immediately compared by artificial intelligence to images on a watchlist. Alerts can lead to arrests.

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Police believe live facial recognition cameras may become "commonplace" in England and Wales, according to internal documents, with the number of faces scanned having doubled to nearly 5m in the last year. A joint investigation by the Guardian and Liberty Investigates highlights the speed at which the technology is becoming a staple of British policing. Major funding is being allocated and hardware bought, while the British state is also looking to enable police forces to more easily access the full spread of its image stores, including passport and immigration databases, for retrospective facial recognition searches. Live facial recognition involves the matching of faces caught on surveillance camera footage against a police watchlist in real time, in what campaigners liken to the continual finger printing of members of the public as they go about their daily lives. Retrospective facial recognition software is used by the police to match images on databases with those caught on CCTV and other systems.

In less than a year-and-a-half, Frankie Johnson, a man incarcerated at the William E Donaldson prison outside Birmingham, Alabama, says he was stabbed around 20 times. In December of 2019, Johnson says, he was stabbed "at least nine times" in his housing unit. In March of 2020, an officer handcuffed him to a desk following a group therapy meeting, and left the unit, after which another prisoner came in and stabbed him five times. In November of the same year, Johnson says, he was handcuffed by an officer and brought to the prison yard, where another prisoner attacked him with an ice pick, stabbing him "five to six times", as two correctional officers looked on. According to Johnson, one of the officers had actually encouraged his attacker to carry out the assault in retaliation for a previous argument between Johnson and the officer.

In Gaza, the sound of drones can be heard everywhere. An analysis by Al Jazeera's digital investigations team, Sanad, has revealed that Israel is repurposing commercial drones to use as weapons of war in the Strip. And as drones become ever more accessible, the line between their civilian use and their military use is becoming increasingly blurred.

A.1 Multimodal Large Language Models Building on the foundational capabilities of groundbreaking Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT [3], PALM [6], Mistral [49], and LLama [108], which excel in language understanding and reasoning, recent innovations have integrated these models with other modalities (especially vision), leading to the development of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). These advanced MLLMs combine and process visual and textual data, demonstrating enhanced versatility in addressing both traditional vision tasks [21, 40, 42, 133] and complex multimodal challenges [34, 70, 136]. Among all MLLMs, proprietary models consistently perform well. OpenAI's GPT-4-Vision [82] pioneered this space by adeptly handling both text and image content. Anthropic's Claude 3 series [7] integrates advanced vision capabilities and multilingual support, enhancing its application across diverse cognitive and real-time tasks.

We only consider the feasible cases. Then we consider the sigm(...) function in Equation 1. For instance, say x is the parameter to be trained, we want x to satisfy sigm(x) = 1 or 0, we would apply gradient-descent which will cause x + / . Two basic blocks of fully connected + ReLU layer are utilized as backbone for all benchmark datasets, generating instance-level representations with a dimensionality of 512. We set one branch here for the binary-classification problems.