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Technology
An artificial intelligence program to advise physicians regarding antimicrobial therapy
Shortliffe, E.H. | Axline, S.G. | Buchanan, B.G. | Merigan, T.C. | Cohen, S.N.
The first Mycin publication. An antimicrobial therapy consultation system has been developed which utilizes a flexible representation of knowledge. The novel design facilitates interactive advice-giving sessions with physicians. An ability to display reasons for making decisions at the request of the user permits the program to serve a tutorial as well as consultative role. The feasibility of the judgmental rule approach which the program uses has been demonstrated with a limited knowledge base of approximately 100 rules. Its ultimate success as a clinically useful tool depends upon acquisition of additional rules and thus upon co-operation of infectious disease experts willing to improve the program's knowledge base. The techniques for acquisition, representation, and utilization of knowledge, plus considerations of natural language processing, draw upon and contribute to current Artificial Intelligence research. Comput. Biomed. Res. 6:544-560.
Speech understanding systems: Final report of a study group
Newell, A. | Barnett, J. | Forgie, J. | Klatt, D. H. | Licklider, J. C. R. | Munson, J. | Reddy, D. R. | Woods, W. A.
"A five-year interdisciplinary effort by speech scientists and computer scientists has demonstrated the feasibility of programming a computer system to “understand” connected speech, i.e., translate it into operational form and respond accordingly. An operational system (HARPY) accepts speech from five speakers, interprets a 1000-word vocabulary, and attains 91 percent sentence accuracy. This Steering Committee summary report describes the project history, problem, goals, and results." Amsterdam: North- Holland.
A spatially-oriented information processor which simulates the motions of rigid objects
Artificial Intelligence 4:29-40
An effective heuristic algorithm for the travelling-salesman problem
Operations Research, 21 (2), 498-516.
The fourteen primitive actions and their inferences
Memo 183, AI Laboratory, Stanford University.
Computer-Assisted Clinical Decision Making
Methods of Information in Medicine, 12: 45-51. Reprinted in Clancey & Shortliffe, Ch.2
On the Mechanization of Abductive Logic
Abduction is a basic form of logical inference, which is said to engender the use of plans, perceptual models, intuitions, and analogical reasoning - all aspects of Intelligent behavior that have so far failed to find representation in existing formal deductive systems. This paper explores the abductive reasoning process and develops a model for it s mechanization, .which consists of an embedding of deductive logic in an iterative hypothesis and test procedure. An application of the method to the problem of medical diagnosis is discussed.In IJCAI-73: THIRD INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, 20-23 August 1973, Stanford University Stanford, California.
Doing Arithmetic With Diagrams
A theorem prover for part of arithmetic in described which proves theorems by representing them in the form of a diagram or network. The nodes of this network represent 'ideal integers', i.e. objects which have all the properties of integers, without being any particular intoger. The links in the network represent relationships between 'ideal integers'. The procedures which draw these diagrams make elementary deductions based on their built-in knowledge of the functions and predicates of arithmetic. This theorem prover is intended as a model of some kinds of human problem-solving behaviour. Also found at EdinburghIn IJCAI-73: THIRD INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, 20-23 August 1973, Stanford University Stanford, California.