The notion of generic design, although it has been around for 25 years, is not often articulated; such is especially true within Newell and Simon's (1972) information-processing theory (IPT) framework. Design is merely lumped in with other forms of problem-solving activity. Intuitively, one feels there should be a level of description of the phenomenon that refines this broad classification by further distinguishing between design and nondesign problem solving. However, IPT does not facilitate such problem classification. This article makes a preliminary attempt to differentiate design problem solving from nondesign problem solving by identifying major invariants in the design problem space.

Artificial Intelligence is solving more and more real world problems, but penetration into the complexities of government administration has been minimal. The author suggests that combining expert system technology with conventional procedural computer systems can lead to substantial efficiencies. Business rules can be removed from business-oriented computer systems and stored in a separate but integrated knowledge base, where maintenance will be centralized. Fourteen specific practical applications are suggested.

This article explores the premise that a formalized representation of empirical studies can play a central role in computer- based decision support. The specific motivations underlying this research include the following propositions: (1) Reasoning from experimental evidence contained in the clinical literature is central to the decisions physicians make in patient care. (2) A computational model based on a declarative representation for published reports of clinical studies can drive a computer program that selectively tailors knowledge of the clinical literature as it is applied to a particular case. (3) The development of such a computational model is an important first step toward filling a void in computer-based decision support systems. Furthermore, the model can help us better understand the general principles of reasoning from experimental evidence both in medicine and other domains. Roundsman is a developmental computer system that draws on structured representations of the clinical literature to critique plans for the management of primary breast cancer. Roundsman is able to produce patient-specific analyses of breast cancer-management options based on the 24 clinical studies currently encoded in its knowledge base. The Roundsman system is a first step in exploring how the computer can help bring a critical analysis of the relevant literature, structured around a particular patient and treatment decision, to the physician.

In response to this by Denker with an impressive series need, Shelby Lyman, the host of past of moves that ended in a sacrifice Public Broadcasting Station (PBS) which brought home the win. Everyone series on world chess championship seemed impressed with Hitech's matches, organized the AGS Challenge performance throughout the match, Match at the New School for although it was clear the audience Social Research in New York City. Denker Funding for this event was provided was generous in his praise of Hitech, by AGS Computers, Inc., a New Jersey-based saying, "The machine gave me a real software firm. The match trimming; I am very impressed." The was held September 22-25, with one final game of the match follows with game played each day, and was widely a few annotations.

Management Science, 35 (5), 527-50.

The automatic interpretation of natural language (in this work, English), database questions formulated by a user untrained in the technical aspects of database querying is an established problem in the field of artificial intelligence. State-of-the-art approaches involve the analysis of queries with syntactic and semantic grammars expressed in phrase structure grammar or transition network formalisms. With such method difficulties exist with the detection and resolution of ambiguity, with the misinterpretation possibilities inherent with finite length look-ahead, and with the modification and extension of a mechanism for other sources of semantic knowledge. This work examines the potential of optimization techniques tomore » solve these problems and interpret natural language, database queries. The proposed method involves developing a 0-1 integer programming problem for each query.

Computational Intelligence Jnl., 5(3):142-150, 1989

We argue that the time between mission conception and implementation can be radically reduced, that launch mass can be slashed, that totally autonomous robots can be more reliable than ground controlled robots, and that large numbers of robots can change the tradeoff between reliability of individual components and overall mission success. Lastly, we suggest that within a few years it will be possible at modest cost to invade a planet with millions of tiny robotsJournal of The British Interplanetary Society, Vol. 42, pp 478-485

IEEE Communications Magazine, 27: 11, pp. 41-46.

Machine Learning, 3, 261–283.