What Question Would Turing Pose Today?

In 1950, when Turing proposed to replace the question "Can machines think?" computer science was not yet a field of study, Shannon's theory of information had just begun to change the way people thought about communication, and psychology was only starting to look beyond behaviorism. In the decades since that paper appeared, with its inspiring challenges, research in computer science, neuroscience, and the behavioral sciences has radically changed thinking about mental processes and communication, and the ways in which people use computers has evolved even more dramatically. This paper considers what that might be in light of Turing's paper and advances in the decades since it was written.