Artificial intelligence, machine learning, data science: are these terms interchangeable?

More and more articles are appearing on Artificial Intelligence (AI, machine learning, (or deep learning), and many writers talk about AI, machine learning and data science without differentiation, as if these terms were broadly interchangeable. Let us start by describing Artificial Intelligence as the implementation of intelligent agents. According to Peter Norvig and Stuart Russel, an intelligent agent is an autonomous entity capable of perceiving its environment via sensors, of interacting with it using actuators (in other words, interacting with its environment), capable of learning, analysing, using knowledge, and taking decisions. Historically, the first AIs were not actually "learning". At best they used heuristic functions combined with rules engines.