Salamander robot can walk, crawl and swim like the real deal

Pleurobot is made up of 3D-printed bones, motorized joints and an electronic circuitry that serves as its synthetic central nervous system. It has fewer vertebrae than an actual salamander, but the scientists optimized their placement so that the machine's movements look as authentic and natural as possible. Team leader Auke Ijspeert says Pleurobot can help them understand vertebrate locomotion. You see, the lowest level of electrical stimulation in salamanders' spinal cords is associated with walking, while the highest is associated with swimming. As such, the machine can help scientists explore the relationship between spinal cord stimulation and a vertebrate animal's movements. In the future, this could lead to neuroprosthetic devices for both amputees and paraplegic patients.