An AI Learning Hierarchy

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been successful in numerous areas including speech recognition, automatic classification, language translation, Chess, Go, facial recognition, disease diagnosis, drug discovery, driverless cars, autonomous drones, and most recently linguistically competent chatbots. Yet none of these machines is the slightest bit intelligent and many of the more recent ones are untrustworthy. Businesses and governments are using AI machines in an exploding number of sensitive and critical applications without having a good grasp on when those machines can be trusted. From its beginnings, AI as a field has been plagued with hype. Many researchers and developers were so enthusiastic about the possibilities that they overpromised what they could deliver.