Toward a Single-Cell Account for Binocular Disparity Tuning: An Energy Model May Be Hiding in Your Dendrites

Converging evidence has shown that human object recognition depends on familiarity with the images of an object. Further, the greater the similarity between objects, the stronger is the dependence on object appearance, and the more important two(cid:173) dimensional (2D) image information becomes. These findings, how(cid:173) ever, do not rule out the use of 3D structural information in recog(cid:173) nition, and the degree to which 3D information is used in visual memory is an important issue. Liu, Knill, & Kersten (1995) showed that any model that is restricted to rotations in the image plane of independent 2D templates could not account for human perfor(cid:173) mance in discriminating novel object views. We now present results from models of generalized radial basis functions (GRBF), 2D near(cid:173) est neighbor matching that allows 2D affine transformations, and a Bayesian statistical estimator that integrates over all possible 2D affine transformations.