Paul G. Allen was an investor and philanthropist. He created and advanced world-class projects and high-impact initiatives that changed and improved the way people live, learn, work, and experience the world through arts, education, entertainment, sports, business, and technology. He cofounded Microsoft with Bill Gates in 1975 and remained the company's chief technologist until he left Microsoft in 1983. Allen founded Vulcan Inc. in 1986 and the Experience Music Project, now the Museum of Pop Culture, in 2000. With lifetime giving of about $1 billion, Allen was named one of the top philanthropists in America.

Cybernetica, 1[#3] : 155-173

Proceedings of the Symposium on the Mechanisation of Thought Processes.Teddington, Middlesex, England: National Physical Laboratory.

Psychological Review, Vol. 65, pp. 386 ff.

IBM Journal of Research and Development 2(1) pp. 1-13

Report VG-1196-G-1, Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, Buffalo, NY

"We ask first whether we need a theory of creative thinking distinct from a theory of problem solving. Subject to minor qualifications, we conclude there is no such need -- that we call problem solving creative when the problems solved are relatively new and difficult. Next, we summarize what has been learned about problem solving by simulating certain human problem solving processes with digital computers. Finally, we indicate some of the differences in degreee that might be observed in comparing relatively creative with relative routine problem solving."RAND Corporation Paper P-1320, Santa Monica, Calif

The recent work of the Unit has been primarily concerned with the employment ofthesauri in machine translation. Limited success has been achieved, in punchedcardtests, in improving the idiomatic quality and so the intelligibility of an initiallyunsatisfactory translation, by word-for-word procedures, from Italian intoEnglish, by using a program which permitted selection of final equivalents from"heads" in Roget's Thesaurus, i.e. lists of synonyms, near-synonyms and associatedwords and phrases, instead of from previously determined lists of alternativetranslations. Mechanical Translation, vol.4, nos.1 and 2, November 1957; pp. 35-43]

The Dawn of Dynamic Programming Richard E. Bellman (1920–1984) is best known for the invention of dynamic programming in the 1950s. During his amazingly prolific career, based primarily at The University of Southern California, he published 39 books (several of which were reprinted by Dover, including Dynamic Programming, 42809-5, 2003) and 619 papers. Despite battling the crippling effects of a brain injury, he still published 100 papers during the last eleven years of his life. He was a frequent informal advisor to Dover during the 1960s and 1970s. Professor Bellman was awarded the IEEE Medal of Honor in 1979 "for contributions to decision processes and control system theory, particularly the creation and application of dynamic programming."

In Proving Theorems as Done by Man, Logician, or Machine, pp. 215-233. Proc. Summer Institute for Symbolic Logic