Technology
Mechanisation of Thought Processes vol. 1 & 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR the two volumes of papers and discussions of papers from the 1959 conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, sometimes known as "The Teddington Conference". Officially these two volumes are the Proceedings of the Symposium on Mechanisation of Thought Processes. Many of the classics are downloadable separately, the remainder are available from the longer downloads of the complete volumes:Vol 1 = http://aitopics.org/sites/default/files/classic/TeddingtonConference/Mechanisation of Thought Processes Vol. 1.pdfVol. 2 = http://aitopics.org/sites/default/files/classic/TeddingtonConference/Mechanisation of Thought Processes Vol. 2.pdfTeddington Conference
Elements of a theory of human problem solving
A description of a theory of problem-solving in terms of information processes amenable for use in a digital computer. The postulates are: "A control system consisting of a number of memories, which contain symbolized information and are interconnected by various ordering relations; a number of primitive information processes, which operate on the information in the memories; a perfectly definite set of rules for combining these processes into whole programs of processing." Examples are given of how processes that occur in behavior can be realized out of elementary information processes. The heuristic value of this theory is pertinent to theories of learning, perception, and concept formation. Psychological Review, March, 65(3):151-166.
The Processes of Creative Thinking
"We ask first whether we need a theory of creative thinking distinct from a theory of problem solving. Subject to minor qualifications, we conclude there is no such need -- that we call problem solving creative when the problems solved are relatively new and difficult. Next, we summarize what has been learned about problem solving by simulating certain human problem solving processes with digital computers. Finally, we indicate some of the differences in degreee that might be observed in comparing relatively creative with relative routine problem solving."RAND Corporation Paper P-1320, Santa Monica, Calif
Computer vs chess player
Paul G. Allen was an investor and philanthropist. He created and advanced world-class projects and high-impact initiatives that changed and improved the way people live, learn, work, and experience the world through arts, education, entertainment, sports, business, and technology. He cofounded Microsoft with Bill Gates in 1975 and remained the company's chief technologist until he left Microsoft in 1983. Allen founded Vulcan Inc. in 1986 and the Experience Music Project, now the Museum of Pop Culture, in 2000. With lifetime giving of about $1 billion, Allen was named one of the top philanthropists in America.
Maximum likelihood estimation from incomplete data
Biometrics is a scientific journal emphasizing the role of statistics and mathematics in the biological sciences. Its object is to promote and extend the use of mathematical and statistical methods in pure and applied biological sciences by describing developments in these methods and their applications in a form readily assimilable by experimental scientists. JSTOR provides a digital archive of the print version of Biometrics. Authorized users may be able to access the full text articles at this site.