See also: Stanford Heuristic Programming Project Memo HPP-77-25Proc. IJCAI-77: Fifth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp 1014-1029

Austin Tate Department of Artificial Intelligence University of Edinburgh Edinburgh Scotland Abstract Procedures for optimization and resource allocation in Operations Research first require a project network for the task to be specified. The specification of a project network is at present done in an intuitive way. AI work in plan formation has developed formalisms for specifying primitive activities, and recent work by Sacerdoti (1975a) has developed a planner able to generate a plan as a partially ordered network of actions. The "planning: a joint AI/OR approach" project at Edinburgh has extended such work and provided a hierarchic planner which can aid in the generation of project networks. This paper describes the planner (NONLIN) and the Task Formalism (TF) used to hierarchically specify a domain. Current work in Operations Research (OR) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) has concentrated on different aspects of the problem. We have taken an interdisciplinary approach in the hope that this will lead to a development of both these aspects. In the OR approach, the planning process falls into two stages. The constituent "jobs" of a plan are specified together with their precedence relationships (i.e.

Book-length version of the central ideas presented in Roger C. Schank and Robert P. Abelson, "SCRIPTS, PLANS, AND KNOWLEDGE" http://oak.conncoll.edu/parker/com316/progassign/scripts.pdf Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates

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A YOUNG MAN, WHO HAS OLIGURIA. IT HAS BEEN DENIED THAT HE HAS RECENT SCARLET FEVER. HE HAS NOT-RECEIVED RADIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST MATERIAL. HE HAS NOT-RECEIVED NEPHROTOXIC DRUGS. HE HAS MODERATELY-ELEVATED URINE SODIUM.

As a field, artificial intelligence has always been on the border of respectability, and therefore on the border of crackpottery. Many critics (Dreyfus, 1972), (Lighthill, 1973) have urged that we are over the border. We have been very defensive toward this charge, drawing ourselves up with dignity when it is made and folding the cloak of Science about us. On the other hand, in private, we have been justifiably proud of our willingness to explore weird ideas, because pursuing them is the only way to make progress.

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"The DENDRAL computer program uses established rules of molecular fragmentation to help chemists solve complex structural problems from mass spectral data. This paper describes a computer program called Meta-DENDRAL, that can aid in the discovery of such rules from empirical data on known components. The program uses heuristic methods to search for common structural environments around those bonds that are found to fragment and abstracts plausible fragmentation rules. The program has been tested on the well-characterized, low-resolution mass spectra of aliphatic amines and the high-resolution mass spectra of estrogenic steroids. The program has also discovered new fragmentation rules for mono-, di-, and triketoandrostanes."Journal of the American Chemical Society 98:6168-6178

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In L. Steels (Ed.), Advances in natural language processing. Antwerp, Belgium: University of Antwerp.