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Constraint satisfaction

Classics

In Shapiro, S. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence., Vol. 1, pp. 285-293. Wiley. Links to a variety of constraint satisfaction articles. The complexity of some polynomial network consistency algorithms for constraint satisfaction problems. Artificial Intelligence, Volume 25, Issue 1, January 1985, Pages 65–74 (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0004370285900414). Constraint Satisfaction. Technical Report, University of British Columbia, 1985 (http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=901711). The logic of constraint satisfaction. Artificial Intelligence, Volume 58, Issues 1–3, December 1992, Pages 3–20 (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/000437029290003G). The complexity of constraint satisfaction revisited. Artificial Intelligence, Volume 59, Issues 1–2, February 1993, Pages 57–62 (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/000437029390170G). Parallel and distributed algorithms for finite constraint satisfaction problems. Proceedings of the Third IEEE Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing, 1991 (https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/218214). Hierarchical arc consistency: exploiting structured domains in constraint satisfaction problems. Computational Intelligence, Volume 1, Issue 1, pages 118–126, January 1985 (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1985.tb00064.x). Knowledge structuring and constraint satisfaction: the Mapsee approach. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (Volume:10, Issue: 6) (https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9108?section=abstract). Chapter 2 – Constraint Satisfaction: An Emerging Paradigm. Foundations of Artificial Intelligence, Volume 2, 2006, Pages 13–27. Handbook of Constraint Programming (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574652606800064).


Landmarkbased robot navigation

Classics

Achieving goals despite uncertainty in control and sensing may require robots to perform complicated motion planning and execution monitoring. This paper describes a reduced version of the general planning problem in the presence of uncertainty and a complete polynomial algorithm solving it. The planar computes a guaranteed plan (for given uncertainty bounds) by backchaining omnidirectional backprojections of the goal until the set of possible initial positions of the robot is fully contained. The algorithm assumes that landmarks are scattered across the workspace, that robot control and position sensing are perfect within the fields of influence of these landmarks (the regions in which the landmarks can be sensed by the robot), and that control is imperfect and sensing null outside these fields. The polynomiality and completeness of the algorithm derive from these simplifying assumptions, whose satisfaction may require the robot and/or its workspace to be specifically engineered.




Hard and Easy SAT Problems

Classics

"We report results from large-scale experiments in satisfiability testing. As has been observed by others, testing the satisfiability of random formulas often appears surprisingly easy. Here we show that by using the right distribution of instances, and appropriate parameter values, it is possible to generate random formulas that are hard, that is, for which satisfiability testing is quite difficult. Our results provide a benchmark for the evaluation of satisfiability-testing procedures." Proc. AAAI-92.


From knowledge bases to decision models

Classics

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A Bayesian method for the induction of probabilistic networks from data

Classics

This paper presents a Bayesian method for constructing probabilistic networks from databases. In particular, we focus on constructing Bayesian belief networks. Potential applications include computer-assisted hypothesis testing, automated scientific discovery, and automated construction of probabilistic expert systems. We extend the basic method to handle missing data and hidden (latent) variables. We show how to perform probabilistic inference by averaging over the inferences of multiple belief networks.


Shape and motion from image streams under orthography: A factorization method

Classics

Inferring scene geometry and camera motion from a stream of images is possible in principle, but is an ill-conditioned problem when the objects are distant with respect to their size. We have developed a factorization method that can overcome this difficulty by recovering shape and motion under orthography without computing depth as an intermediate step. An image stream can be represented by the 2F P measurement matrix of the image coordinates of P points tracked through F frames. We show that under orthographic projection this matrix is of rank 3. Based on this observation, the factorization method uses the singular-value decomposition technique to factor the measurement matrix into two matrices which represent object shape and camera rotation respectively. Two of the three translation components are computed in a preprocessing stage.


A training algorithm for optimal margin classifiers

Classics

A training algorithm that maximizes the margin between the training patterns and the decision boundary is presented. The technique is applicable to a wide variety of the classification functions, including Perceptrons, polynomials, and Radial Basis Functions. The effective number of parameters is adjusted automatically to match the complexity of the problem. The solution is expressed as a linear combination of supporting patterns. These are the subset of training patterns that are closest to the decision boundary.


A New Method for Solving Hard Satisfiability Problems

Classics

"We introduce a greedy local search procedure called GSAT for solving propositional satisfiability problems. Our experiments show that this procedure can be used to solve hard, randomly generated problems that are an order of magnitude larger than those that can be handled by more traditional approaches such as the Davis-Putnam procedure or resolution. We also show that GSAT can solve structured satisfiability problems quickly. In particular, we solve encodings of graph coloring problems, N-queens, and Boolean induction. General application strategies and limitations of the approach are also discussed. GSAT is best viewed as a model-finding procedure. Its good performance suggests that it may be advantageous to reformulate reasoning tasks that have traditionally been viewed as theorem-proving problems as model-finding tasks." Proc. AAAI-92.