Forl = 2, i. e., for 3 - cycles, thisrelationship is X ikX kj= X ij. Figure 1: Averagematchingerrorunderthe LBCmodel ( left) and LACmodel ( right).

Reward allocation, also known as the credit assignment problem, has been an important topic ineconomics, engineering, andmachine learning.

An explosion at a fireworks shop in central China's Hubei province has killed at least 12 people, state media reported, marking the second deadly blast linked to fireworks as the country celebrates the Lunar New Year . The explosion tore through the shop in Xiangyang on Wednesday afternoon. Officials said five children and seven adults died in the explosion. The victims included the shop owner and customers who had been buying fireworks for holiday celebrations. Some had travelled from other areas to visit relatives during the festive period .

After training for 200 epochs, we achieve the attack success rate (ASR) of99.97% and the natural accuracy on clean data (ACC)of93.73%. Blend attack [6]: We first generate a trigger pattern where each pixel value is sampled from auniform distribution in[0,255]asshowninFigure 6(c). Input-aware Attack (IAB) [30]: The dynamic trigger varies across samples as shown in Figure 6(d). We apply two types of target label selection. Clean-labelAttack(CLB)[42]: The trigger is a3 3checkerboard at the four corners of images as shown in Figure 7(b).

Suppose an online platform wants to compare a treatment and control policy, e.g.,