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The Download: supercharged scams and studying AI healthcare

MIT Technology Review

Plus: DeepSeek has unveiled its long-awaited new AI model. When ChatGPT was released in late 2022, it showed how easily generative AI could create human-like text. This quickly caught the eye of cybercriminals, who began using LLMs to compose malicious emails. Since then, they've adopted AI for everything from turbocharged phishing and hyperrealistic deepfakes to automated vulnerability scans. Many organizations are now struggling to cope with the sheer volume of cyberattacks. AI is making them faster, cheaper, and easier to carry out, a problem set to worsen as more cybercriminals adopt these tools--and their capabilities improve.


AWinning Hand: Compressing Deep Networks Can Improve Out-Of-Distribution Robustness

Neural Information Processing Systems

Successful adoption of deep learning (DL) in the wild requires models to be: (1) compact, (2) accurate, and (3) robust to distributional shifts. Unfortunately, efforts towards simultaneously meeting these requirements have mostly been unsuccessful. This raises an important question: "Is the inability to create Compact, Accurate, and Robust Deep neural networks (CARDs) fundamental?" To answer this question, we perform a large-scale analysis of popular model compression techniques which uncovers several intriguing patterns. Notably, in contrast to traditional pruning approaches (e.g., fine tuning and gradual magnitude pruning), we find that "lottery ticket-style" approaches can surprisingly be used to produce CARDs, including binary-weight CARDs. Specifically, we are able to create extremely compact CARDs that, compared to their larger counterparts, have similar test accuracy and matching (or better) robustness--simply by pruning and (optionally) quantizing. Leveraging the compactness of CARDs, we develop a simple domain-adaptive test-time ensembling approach (CARD-Deck) that uses a gating module to dynamically select appropriate CARDsfrom the CARD-Deckbased on their spectral-similarity with test samples. The proposed approach builds a "winning hand" of CARDsthat establishes a new state-of-the-art [8] on CIFAR-10-C accuracies (i.e., 96.8% standard and 92.75% robust) and CIFAR-100-C accuracies (i.e., 80.6% standard and 71.3% robust) with better memory usage than non-compressed baselines (pretrained CARDs available at [8]). Finally, we provide theoretical support for our empirical findings.




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Neural Information Processing Systems

To help better understand how shadow provides cues for inferring shape of the invisible surface, in Fig. S1, we visualize the rendered images of three different objects, which have the same front view b can ut with see that different although shapes these in three the back objects (generated have the by sam cutting e shapes the and READING appearances mesh in with the front a plane).


DeepSeek promises its new AI model has 'world-class' reasoning

Engadget

DeepSeek promises its new AI model has'world-class' reasoning The new models give users access to a'cost effective 1 million context length.' DeepSeek has released its latest AI models, the V4 Pro and Flash versions, a bit over a year after it went viral and became the top rated free app on Apple's App Store in the US. "Welcome to the era of cost-effective 1 million context length," DeepSeek said in its announcement . Context length is what you call the maximum number of tokens that an AI model can remember, so the bigger it is, the more coherent and consistent an AI is when it comes to extended conversations. OpenAI's recently announced GPT 5.5 has a context window ranging from 400,000 to 1 million, for instance.



Landmark-RxR: Solving Vision-and-Language Navigation with Fine-Grained Alignment Supervision

Neural Information Processing Systems

In Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) task, an agent is asked to navigate inside 3D indoor environments following given instructions. Cross-modal alignment is one of the most critical challenges in VLN because the predicted trajectory needs to match the given instruction accurately. In this paper, we address the cross-modal alignment challenge from the perspective of fine-grain. Firstly, to alleviate weak cross-modal alignment supervision from coarse-grained data, we introduce a human-annotated fine-grained VLN dataset, namely Landmark-RxR. Secondly, to further enhance local cross-modal alignment under fine-grained supervision, we investigate the focal-oriented rewards with soft and hard forms, by focusing on the critical points sampled from fine-grained Landmark-RxR. Moreover, to fully evaluate the navigation process, we also propose a re-initialization mechanism that makes metrics insensitive to difficult points, which can cause the agent to deviate from the correct trajectories. Experimental results show that our agent has superior navigation performance on Landmark-RxR, en-RxR and R2R.


the Hamiltonian bound

Neural Information Processing Systems

Algorithm 6 Generating the (non-differentiable) Hamiltonian AIS variational bound. Figure 1 shows the results. The first row shows the results obtained by tuning the pair (,η) and each other parameter individually for different values of K, and the second row shows the results obtained by tuning increasingly more parameters. It can be observed that tuning β and q(z) lead to the largest gains in performance. Figure 4: Tuning more parameters leads to significantly better results.