Philosophers of science are not known for agreeing with each other--contrariness is part of the job description. But for thousands of years, from Aristotle to Thomas Kuhn, those who study what science is have roughly categorized themselves into two basic camps: "realists" and "anti-realists." In philosophical terms, "anti-realists" or "empiricists" understand science as investigating the properties of observable objects via experiments. Empirical theories are constrained by the experimental results. "Realists," on the other hand, speculate more freely about the possible shape of the unobservable world, often designing mathematical explanations that cannot (yet) be tested. Isaac Newton was a realist, as are string theorists. Most scientists do not lose sleep worrying about philosophical divides. But maybe they should; Albert Einstein certainly did, as did Niels Bohr, and Erwin Schrödinger.

There's one recurring obsession that keeps haunting almost every marketing and ad agency executive. It's in nearly every Powerpoint deck and on every marketer's mind… Millennials: the oh so documented and ubiquitous M Word!. For many years, most marketers (and their agencies) relied on the same old recipe. Brand awareness and reach were the only metrics that mattered. Problem is, the recipe started to turn sour.

Lauded by hippies, music heads and fans of all things psychedelic, acid has been used to blur the boundaries of reality and perception for decades. Experts have drawn parallels between the dissociative effects caused by the drug on the brain and psychiatric illnesses, with hope it could potentially be explored as a treatment. Now researchers have shown how the drug affects language and speech, reveal it may even enable users to be more creative. In the trials, participants took between 40 to 80 micrograms of the drug intravenously, which would be in the same range as the average tab of acid (illustrated). Researchers in Germany and the UK carried out trials in which participants were asked to name a number of pictures, either under the influence of acid or taking a placebo.

From the era of the desktop app to the era of the web page to the era of the mobile app to the latest paradigm shift which seems to be happening now: the conversation. These providers will most likely sit at the center of an ecosystem which will handle NLP (Natural Language Processing), semantic analysis, and other core tasks such as location and calendar integration. Currently, there are "bits and pieces" for particulars like dialogs (IBM Dialog) and NLP (IBM AlchemyAPI) all the way to large sdk's for voice and digital assistants (Alexa, Siri, and Google). While the examples above are simplistic they do provide some structure and a view into the basic text lines of voice and chat applications.

Having herself held senior roles in IT at Wall Street companies including Deutsche Bank and Morgan Stanley Smith Barney, Oksana Sokolovsky is quite familiar with the challenge of Data Management and data discovery. As co-founder and CEO of ROKITT, her goal was "to build a product that solves that challenge," she says. The challenge exists across large enterprises in multiple industries, but is often especially acute in those dealing with regulatory pressures and compliance requirements – healthcare, for instance, and of course, the financial sector. Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) 239 compliance for effective risk data aggregation and reporting, for example, is a big driver of improved Data Management for global systemically important banks. In fact, a McKinsey & Company and Institute of International Finance survey showed that more than half of the world's biggest banks faced significant challenges meeting the January 1, 2016 deadline for compliance, with the Global Association of Risk Professionals commenting that "many institutions continue to struggle to fully implement the requirements across the business under the most demanding interpretation of those requirements."

Identifying the patterns in urban mobility is important for a variety of tasks such as transportation planning, urban resource allocation, emergency planning etc. This is evident from the large body of research on the topic, which has exploded with the vast amount of geo-tagged user-generated content from online social media. However, most of the existing work focuses on a specific setting, taking a statistical approach to describe and model the observed patterns. On the contrary in this work we introduce EigenTransitions, a spectrum-based, generic framework for analyzing spatio-temporal mobility datasets. EigenTransitions capture the anatomy of the aggregate and/or individuals’ mobility as a compact set of latent mobility patterns. Using a large corpus of geo-tagged content collected from Twitter, we utilize EigenTransitions to analyze the structure of urban mobility. In particular, we identify the EigenTransitions of a flow network between urban areas and derive hypothesis testing framework to evaluate urban mobility from both temporal and demographic perspectives. We further show how EigenTransitions not only identify latent mobility patterns, but also have the potential to support applications such as mobility prediction and inter-city comparisons. In particular, by identifying neighbors with similar latent mobility patterns and incorporating their historical transition behaviors, we proposed an EigenTransitions-based k-nearest neighbor algorithm, which can significantly improve the performance of individual mobility prediction. The proposed method is especially effective in “cold-start” scenarios where traditional methods are known to perform poorly.

With all of the discussion about Big Data these days, there is frequest reference to the 3 V's that represent the top big data challenges: Volume, Velocity, and Variety. These 3 V's generally refer to the size of the dataset (Volume), the rate at which data is flowing into (or out of) your systems (Velocity), and the complexity (dimensionality) of the data (Variety). Most practitioners agree that big data volume is indeed huge, but that is not necessarily big data's biggest challenge, at least not in terms of data storage capacities, which are growing rapidly also and keeping pace with data volume. The velocity of big data is also a very big challenge, though primarily for applications and use cases that specifically demand near-real-time analysis and response to dynamic data streams. However, unlike volume and velocity, most will agree that the variety (complexity) of the data is truly big data's biggest mega-challenge at all scales and in most applications.

According to Gartner, "Big Data Discovery" is the next big trend in analytics. Each of these areas has seen explosive growth, but there are clear upsides and downsides to each. For example, Data Discovery excels in ease of use, but allows only limited depth of exploration, while Data Science provides powerful analysis but is slow, complex, and difficult to implement. Since the disadvantages of the three technologies map to nicely to the advantages of the others, they are now starting to blend, and Gartner believes Big Data Discovery will be a distinct new market category by 2017. The emerging Big Data Discovery tools will be simpler to use than data science products and accessible to a wider ranger of users, with more powerful manipulation of a wider variety of data sources. According to Gartner Analyst Joao Tapadinhas, these tools will be used by new "Citizen Data Scientists" who marry the skills of traditional business analysts with some of the expertise of expert statisticians.

This article proposes a new grand challenge for AI reasearch: to develop AI system to make major scientific discoveries in biomedical sciences that worth Nobel Prize. There are a series of human cognitive limitations that prevents us from making accerlated scientific discoveries, particularity in biomedical sciences. As a result, scientific discoveries are left behind at the level of cottage industry. AI systems can transform scientific discoveries into highly efficient practice, thereby enable us to expand our knowledge in unprecedented way.

This article proposes a new grand challenge for AI reasearch: to develop AI system to make major scientific discoveries in biomedical sciences that worth Nobel Prize. There are a series of human cognitive limitations that prevents us from making accerlated scientific discoveries, particularity in biomedical sciences. As a result, scientific discoveries are left behind at the level of cottage industry. AI systems can transform scientific discoveries into highly efficient practice, thereby enable us to expand our knowledge in unprecedented way. Such system may out-compute all possible hypotheses and may redefine the nature of scientific intuition, hence scientific discovery process.