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 Large Language Model




To Believe or Not to Believe Y our LLM: Iterative Prompting for Estimating Epistemic Uncertainty

Neural Information Processing Systems

We explore uncertainty quantification in large language models (LLMs), with the goal to identify when uncertainty in responses given a query is large. We simultaneously consider both epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties, where the former comes from the lack of knowledge about the ground truth (such as about facts or the language), and the latter comes from irreducible randomness (such as multiple possible answers).


A Supplementary Analysis

Neural Information Processing Systems

To evaluate TSLD's efficiency, we detail training speeds and GPU memory consumption for various Our analysis of confidence disparity in token predictions, detailed in Section 4.2, extends beyond a In fact, this observed trend is consistently present across various GLM models. These errors are visualized using a heatmap plot (Fig. A2 top), For the OPT -6.7B model, quantization error is measured for the 5th and 15th layers. LLaMA-7B model, quantization errors are depicted for input sequence lengths of 128 and 512. From left to right: OPT -6.7B, LLaMA-7B, and LLaMA-2-7B. However, as we delve deeper into the layers of OPT -6.7B or introduce longer input sequences to LLaMA-7B, this phenomenon becomes less pronounced.




Appendix A

Neural Information Processing Systems

Q: For what purpose was the dataset created? Q: Who created the dataset (e.g., which team, research group) and on behalf of which entity (e.g., Q: Who funded the creation of the dataset? Q: What do the instances that comprise the dataset represent (e.g., documents, photos, people, Q: How many instances are there in total (of each type, if appropriate)? As shown in Table 1, the dataset statistics are as follows: Grounding Task: 111,770 samples for training, 21,616 samples for testing. For grounding, we use only one annotation per image.