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 Grammars & Parsing


Essential Arts & Culture: Parsing Kusama, outcry over Philip Johnson update, art's woman problem

Los Angeles Times

The Kusama show at the Broad is raising the crowds (if not our critic's inspiration). Los Angeles just had a Philip Glass moment. There's been an architectural furor over possible changes to a work by Philip Johnson. Yayoi Kusama's exhibition of Infinity Mirror Rooms at the Broad is the hot museum show in L.A. right now. But Times art critic Christopher Knight says if you didn't score a ticket, you're not missing much.


fekr/postagga

#artificialintelligence

"But if thought corrupts language, language can also corrupt thought." You can use postagga to process annotated text samples into full fledged parsers capable of understanding "free speech" input as structured data. Ah and you'll be able to do this easily. The models are included under the models folder. We also shipped two light models as vars defined in namespaces, one for French and one for English, as for JavaScript, the artifacts size are a concern.


Ultimate Guide to Understand & Implement Natural Language Processing

@machinelearnbot

According to industry estimates, only 21% of the available data is present in structured form. Data is being generated as we speak, as we tweet, as we send messages on Whatsapp and in various other activities. Majority of this data exists in the textual form, which is highly unstructured in nature. Few notorious examples include – tweets / posts on social media, user to user chat conversations, news, blogs and articles, product or services reviews and patient records in the healthcare sector. A few more recent ones includes chatbots and other voice driven bots. Despite having high dimension data, the information present in it is not directly accessible unless it is processed (read and understood) manually or analyzed by an automated system. In order to produce significant and actionable insights from text data, it is important to get acquainted with the techniques and principles of Natural Language Processing (NLP).


AP FACT CHECK: Parsing an Unfettered Trump on Border Wall

U.S. News

THE FACTS: It's not clear what he means by renovations. His administration has not outlined sweeping renovations to be done in that time. Its request to Congress for $1.6 billion in wall financing for the budget year that begins Oct. 1 incudes money for 14 miles of replacement barrier in San Diego and it's not certain Congress will approve even that. Money has been approved for three miles of border protection in Calexico, California. Such projects do not add up to the massive construction that would be required to fulfill his promise of a wall sealing off the two countries along the length of their border.


SKOS Concepts and Natural Language Concepts: an Analysis of Latent Relationships in KOSs

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

The vehicle to represent Knowledge Organization Systems (KOSs) in the environment of the Semantic Web and linked data is the Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS). SKOS provides a way to assign a URI to each concept, and this URI functions as a surrogate for the concept. This fact makes of main concern the need to clarify the URIs' ontological meaning. The aim of this study is to investigate the relation between the ontological substance of KOS concepts and concepts revealed through the grammatical and syntactic formalisms of natural language. For this purpose, we examined the dividableness of concepts in specific KOSs (i.e. a thesaurus, a subject headings system and a classification scheme) by applying Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques (i.e. morphosyntactic analysis) to the lexical representations (i.e. RDF literals) of SKOS concepts. The results of the comparative analysis reveal that, despite the use of multi-word units, thesauri tend to represent concepts in a way that can hardly be further divided conceptually, while Subject Headings and Classification Schemes - to a certain extent - comprise terms that can be decomposed into more conceptual constituents. Consequently, SKOS concepts deriving from thesauri are more likely to represent atomic conceptual units and thus be more appropriate tools for inference and reasoning. Since identifiers represent the meaning of a concept, complex concepts are neither the most appropriate nor the most efficient way of modelling a KOS for the Semantic Web.


Genetic Programming (Machine Learning/AI): "Santa Fe Trail" problem - Syntax Trees

#artificialintelligence

The syntax tree of the fittest individual is shown for each generation until a solution with perfect fitness is found - and beyond. Not too exciting for a small function/terminal set and a program size limit of 50 instructions but there you go! For details on the "Santa Fe Trail problem" please see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_F...


Four deep learning trends from ACL 2017

@machinelearnbot

"NLP is booming", declared Joakim Nivre at the presidential address of ACL 2017, which I attended in Vancouver earlier this month. As evidenced by the throngs of attendees, interest in NLP is at an all-time high – an increase that is chiefly due to the successes of the deep learning renaissance, which recently swept like a tidal wave over the field. Beneath the optimism however, I noticed a tangible anxiety at ACL, as one field adjusts to its rapid transformation by another. Researchers asked whether there is anything of the old NLP left – or was it all swept away by the tidal wave? Are neural networks the only technique we need any more?


Natural Language Processing: State of The Art, Current Trends and Challenges

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Natural language processing (NLP) has recently gained much attention for representing and analysing human language computationally. It has spread its applications in various fields such as machine translation, email spam detection, information extraction, summarization, medical, and question answering etc. The paper distinguishes four phases by discussing different levels of NLP and components of Natural Language Generation (NLG) followed by presenting the history and evolution of NLP, state of the art presenting the various applications of NLP and current trends and challenges.


How to make a racist AI without really trying

#artificialintelligence

Recognizing whether people are expressing positive or negative opinions about things has obvious business applications. It's simplistic, sometimes too simplistic, but it's one of the easiest ways to get measurable results from NLP. In a few steps, you can put text in one end and get positive and negative scores out the other, and you never have to figure out what you should do with a parse tree or a graph of entities or any difficult representation like that. This model is not the point of that paper, so don't take this as an attack on their results; it was there as an example of a well-known way to use word vectors.


Natural Language Processing Key Terms, Explained

@machinelearnbot

Very broadly, natural language processing (NLP) is a discipline which is interested in how human languages, and, to some extent, the humans who speak them, interact with technology. If a document collection's words are ordered by frequency, and y is used to describe the number of times that the xth word appears, Zipf's observation is concisely captured as y cx-1/2 (item frequency is inversely proportional to item rank). Also known as meaning generation, semantic analysis is interested in determining the meaning of text selections (either character or word sequences). After an input selection of text is read and parsed (analyzed syntactically), the text selection can then be interpreted for meaning.