This study delves into semi-supervised object detection (SSOD) to improve detector performance with additional unlabeled data. State-of-the-art SSOD performance has been achieved recently by self-training, in which training supervision consists of ground truths and pseudo-labels. In current studies, we observe that class imbalance in SSOD severely impedes the effectiveness of self-training. To address the class imbalance, we propose adaptive class-rebalancing self-training (ACRST) with a novel memory module called CropBank. ACRST adaptively rebalances the training data with foreground instances extracted from the CropBank, thereby alleviating the class imbalance. Owing to the high complexity of detection tasks, we observe that both self-training and data-rebalancing suffer from noisy pseudo-labels in SSOD. Therefore, we propose a novel two-stage filtering algorithm to generate accurate pseudo-labels. Our method achieves satisfactory improvements on MS-COCO and VOC benchmarks. When using only 1\% labeled data in MS-COCO, our method achieves 17.02 mAP improvement over supervised baselines, and 5.32 mAP improvement compared with state-of-the-art methods.

The course covers Machine Learning in exhaustive way. The presentations and hands-on practical are made such that it's made easy. The knowledge gained through this tutorial series can be applied to various real world scenarios. UnSupervised learning does not require to supervise the model. Instead, it allows the model to work on its own to discover patterns and information that was previously undetected. It mainly deals with the unlabeled data.

Where does your enterprise stand on the AI adoption curve? Take our AI survey to find out. In 2014, Microsoft launched Project Alexandria, a research effort within its Cambridge research division dedicated to discovering entities -- topics of information -- and their associated properties. Building on the research lab's work in knowledge mining research using probabilistic programming, the aim of Alexandria was to construct a full knowledge base from a set of documents automatically. Alexandria technology powers the recently announced Microsoft Viva Topics, which automatically organizes large amounts of content and expertise in an organization.

For artificial learning systems, continual learning over time from a stream of data is essential. The burgeoning studies on supervised continual learning have achieved great progress, while the study of catastrophic forgetting in unsupervised learning is still blank. Among unsupervised learning methods, self-supervise learning method shows tremendous potential on visual representation without any labeled data at scale. To improve the visual representation of self-supervised learning, larger and more varied data is needed. In the real world, unlabeled data is generated at all times. This circumstance provides a huge advantage for the learning of the self-supervised method. However, in the current paradigm, packing previous data and current data together and training it again is a waste of time and resources. Thus, a continual self-supervised learning method is badly needed. In this paper, we make the first attempt to implement the continual contrastive self-supervised learning by proposing a rehearsal method, which keeps a few exemplars from the previous data. Instead of directly combining saved exemplars with the current data set for training, we leverage self-supervised knowledge distillation to transfer contrastive information among previous data to the current network by mimicking similarity score distribution inferred by the old network over a set of saved exemplars. Moreover, we build an extra sample queue to assist the network to distinguish between previous and current data and prevent mutual interference while learning their own feature representation. Experimental results show that our method performs well on CIFAR100 and ImageNet-Sub. Compared with the baselines, which learning tasks without taking any technique, we improve the image classification top-1 accuracy by 1.60% on CIFAR100, 2.86% on ImageNet-Sub and 1.29% on ImageNet-Full under 10 incremental steps setting.

It is basically a type of unsupervised learning method . An unsupervised learning method is a method in which we draw references from datasets consisting of input data without labelled responses. Generally, it is used as a process to find meaningful structure, explanatory underlying processes, generative features, and groupings inherent in a set of examples. Clustering is the task of dividing the population or data points into a number of groups such that data points in the same groups are more similar to other data points in the same group and dissimilar to the data points in other groups. It is basically a collection of objects on the basis of similarity and dissimilarity between them. For ex– The data points in the graph below clustered together can be classified into one single group. We can distinguish the clusters, and we can identify that there are 3 clusters in the below picture. It is not necessary for clusters to be a spherical.

Recently, sampling methods have been successfully applied to enhance the sample quality of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). However, in practice, they typically have poor sample efficiency because of the independent proposal sampling from the generator. In this work, we propose REP-GAN, a novel sampling method that allows general dependent proposals by REParameterizing the Markov chains into the latent space of the generator. Theoretically, we show that our reparameterized proposal admits a closed-form Metropolis-Hastings acceptance ratio. Empirically, extensive experiments on synthetic and real datasets demonstrate that our REP-GAN largely improves the sample efficiency and obtains better sample quality simultaneously.

Generative adversary networks (GANs) suffer from training pathologies such as instability and mode collapse, which mainly arise from a lack of diversity in their adversarial interactions. Co-evolutionary GAN (CoE-GAN) training algorithms have shown to be resilient to these pathologies. This article introduces Mustangs, a spatially distributed CoE-GAN, which fosters diversity by using different loss functions during the training. Experimental analysis on MNIST and CelebA demonstrated that Mustangs trains statistically more accurate generators.

GANs (Generative Adversarial Networks) are a subset of unsupervised learning models that utilize two networks along with adversarial training to output "novel" data which resembles the input data. More specifically, GANs typically involve "a generative model G that captures the data distribution, and a discriminative model D that estimates the probability that a sample came from the training data rather than G [1]." Conditional GANs are a modification of the original GAN model, later proposed by Mehdi Mirza and Simon Osindero in the paper, "Conditional Generative Adversarial Nets" (2014). In a cGAN (conditional GAN), the discriminator is given data/label pairs instead of just data, and the generator is given a label in addition to the noise vector, indicating which class the image should belong to. The addition of labels forces the generator to learn multiple representations of different training data classes, allowing for the ability to explicitly control the output of the generator. When training the model, the label is usually combined with the data sample for both the generator and discriminator.

Understanding the 3D world from 2D projected natural images is a fundamental challenge in computer vision and graphics. Recently, an unsupervised learning approach has garnered considerable attention owing to its advantages in data collection. However, to mitigate training limitations, typical methods need to impose assumptions for viewpoint distribution (e.g., a dataset containing various viewpoint images) or object shape (e.g., symmetric objects). These assumptions often restrict applications; for instance, the application to non-rigid objects or images captured from similar viewpoints (e.g., flower or bird images) remains a challenge. To complement these approaches, we propose aperture rendering generative adversarial networks (AR-GANs), which equip aperture rendering on top of GANs, and adopt focus cues to learn the depth and depth-of-field (DoF) effect of unlabeled natural images. To address the ambiguities triggered by unsupervised setting (i.e., ambiguities between smooth texture and out-of-focus blurs, and between foreground and background blurs), we develop DoF mixture learning, which enables the generator to learn real image distribution while generating diverse DoF images. In addition, we devise a center focus prior to guiding the learning direction. In the experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of AR-GANs in various datasets, such as flower, bird, and face images, demonstrate their portability by incorporating them into other 3D representation learning GANs, and validate their applicability in shallow DoF rendering.

The author of this work proposes an overview of the recent semi-supervised learning approaches and related works. Despite the remarkable success of neural networks in various applications, there exist few formidable constraints including the need for a large amount of labeled data. Therefore, semi-supervised learning, which is a learning scheme in which the scarce labels and a larger amount of unlabeled data are utilized to train models (e.g., deep neural networks) is getting more important. Based on the key assumptions of semi-supervised learning, which are the manifold assumption, cluster assumption, and continuity assumption, the work reviews the recent semi-supervised learning approaches. In particular, the methods in regard to using deep neural networks in a semi-supervised learning setting are primarily discussed. In addition, the existing works are first classified based on the underlying idea and explained, and then the holistic approaches that unify the aforementioned ideas are detailed.