The causal discovery of Bayesian networks is an active and important research area, and it is based upon searching the space of causal models for those which can best explain a pattern of probabilistic dependencies shown in the data. However, some of those dependencies are generated by causal structures involving variables which have not been measured, i.e., latent variables. Some such patterns of dependency "reveal" themselves, in that no model based solely upon the observed variables can explain them as well as a model using a latent variable. That is what latent variable discovery is based upon. Here we did a search for finding them systematically, so that they may be applied in latent variable discovery in a more rigorous fashion.

A lot of approaches, each following a different strategy, have been proposed in the literature to provide AdaBoost with cost-sensitive properties. In the first part of this series of two papers, we have presented these algorithms in a homogeneous notational framework, proposed a clustering scheme for them and performed a thorough theoretical analysis of those approaches with a fully theoretical foundation. The present paper, in order to complete our analysis, is focused on the empirical study of all the algorithms previously presented over a wide range of heterogeneous classification problems. The results of our experiments, confirming the theoretical conclusions, seem to reveal that the simplest approach, just based on cost-sensitive weight initialization, is the one showing the best and soundest results, despite having been recurrently overlooked in the literature.

Machine learning is quickly becoming an indispensable tool for many large companies. Everyone has, for sure, heard about Google's AI algorithm beating the World Champion in Go, as well as technologies like RankBrain, but machine learning does not have to be a mystical subject relegated to the domain of math researchers. There are many approachable libraries and technologies that show promise of being very useful to any industry that has data to play with. Machine learning also has the ability to turn traditional website marketing and SEO on its head. Late last year, my colleagues and I (rather naively) began an experiment in which we threw several popular machine learning algorithms at the task of predicting ranking in Google. We ended up with an assembly that achieved 41 percent true positive and 41 percent true negative on our data set.

Machine learning is quickly becoming an indispensable tool for many large companies. Everyone has, for sure, heard about Google's AI algorithm beating the World Champion in Go, as well as technologies like RankBrain, but machine learning does not have to be a mystical subject relegated to the domain of math researchers. There are many approachable libraries and technologies that show promise of being very useful to any industry that has data to play with. Machine learning also has the ability to turn traditional website marketing and SEO on its head. Late last year, my colleagues and I (rather naively) began an experiment in which we threw several popular machine learning algorithms at the task of predicting ranking in Google. We ended up with an assembly that achieved 41 percent true positive and 41 percent true negative on our data set. In the following paragraphs, I will take you through our experiment, and I will also discuss a few important libraries and technologies that are important for SEOs to begin understanding.

Wearable cameras allow people to record their daily activities from a user-centered (First Person Vision) perspective. Due to their favorable location, wearable cameras frequently capture the hands of the user, and may thus represent a promising user-machine interaction tool for different applications. Existent First Person Vision methods handle hand segmentation as a background-foreground problem, ignoring two important facts: i) hands are not a single "skin-like" moving element, but a pair of interacting cooperative entities, ii) close hand interactions may lead to hand-to-hand occlusions and, as a consequence, create a single hand-like segment. These facts complicate a proper understanding of hand movements and interactions. Our approach extends traditional background-foreground strategies, by including a hand-identification step (left-right) based on a Maxwell distribution of angle and position. Hand-to-hand occlusions are addressed by exploiting temporal superpixels. The experimental results show that, in addition to a reliable left/right hand-segmentation, our approach considerably improves the traditional background-foreground hand-segmentation.

I think there's a rule somewhere that says "You can't call yourself a data scientist until you've used a Naive Bayes classifier". This article is my attempt at laying the groundwork for Naive Bayes in a practical and intuitive fashion. Let's start with a problem to motivate our formulation of Naive Bayes. Suppose we own a professional networking site similar to LinkedIn. Users sign up, type some information about themselves, and then roam the network looking for jobs/connections/etc. Until recently, we only required users to enter their current job title, but now we're asking them what industry they work in.

This paper addresses the problem of emotion recognition from physiological signals. Features are extracted and ranked based on their effect on classification accuracy. Different classifiers are compared. The inter-subject variability and the personalization effect are thoroughly investigated, through trial-based and subject-based cross-validation. Finally, a personalized model is introduced, that would allow for enhanced emotional state prediction, based on the physiological data of subjects that exhibit a certain degree of similarity, without the requirement of further feedback.

There are lots of great tools out there for building machine learning models and data processing pipelines. Most of these tools, like R, scikit-learn, spark.ml At CrowdFlower, we use many of these resources to varying degrees. However, we also recognize that many people will prefer to approach model building and deployment in a hands-on integrated environment supported by a graphical interface. To this end, we are pleased to showcase an end-to-end model construction process in Microsoft's Azure Machine Learning Studio.

We revisit the task of learning a Euclidean metric from data. We approach this problem from first principles and formulate it as a surprisingly simple optimization problem. Indeed, our formulation even admits a closed form solution. This solution possesses several very attractive properties: (i) an innate geometric appeal through the Riemannian geometry of positive definite matrices; (ii) ease of interpretability; and (iii) computational speed several orders of magnitude faster than the widely used LMNN and ITML methods. Furthermore, on standard benchmark datasets, our closed-form solution consistently attains higher classification accuracy.

You've heard of MRI machines for diagnostic imaging: big machines where the subject slides into the center of a noisy donut-shaped machine while a powerful magnetic field and radio waves create a picture of their insides. There are many types of MRI scans. Functional MRI (fMRI) looks at how different parts of the brain respond to stimuli. A common fMRI use is for Alzheimers neuro-imaging. Some 40,000 published papers have used fMRI to delve into the human brain over the last 25 years.