In this hands-on project, we will train a Naive Bayes classifier to predict sentiment from thousands of Twitter tweets. This project could be practically used by any company with social media presence to automatically predict customer's sentiment (i.e.: whether their customers are happy or not). The process could be done automatically without having humans manually review thousands of tweets and customer reviews. Note: This course works best for learners who are based in the North America region.

Nowadays, cybersecurity companies implement a variety of methods to discover new, previously unknown malware files. Machine learning (ML) is a powerful and widely used approach for this task. At Kaspersky we have a number of complex ML models based on different file features, including models for static and dynamic detection, for processing sandbox logs and system events, etc. We implement different machine learning techniques, including deep neural networks, one of the most promising technologies that make it possible to work with large amounts of data, incorporate different types of features, and boast a high accuracy rate. But can we rely entirely on machine learning approaches in the battle with the bad guys? Or could powerful AI itself be vulnerable? In this article we attempt to attack our product anti-malware neural network models and check existing defense methods. An adversarial attack is a method of making small modifications to the objects in such a way that the machine learning model begins to misclassify them.

There is something very satisfying when you build a machine learning classifier using a toy dataset. We can achieve high accuracy and feel good inside while doing it. But this doesn't really help us or prepare us for real-world datasets and the issues it poses. If you have ever trained a machine learning classification model, you may have come across this issue. People use different words for it. 'Imbalanced dataset', 'Model is Skewed', etc. Let's say we are training a model to detect spam emails.

This article contains spoilers for the entirety of False Positive. In False Positive, the phrase "mommy brain" begins almost as a joke. As Lucy (Ilana Glazer, who also co-wrote the film) and Adrian (Justin Theroux) try--and then finally succeed, thanks to Dr. John Hindle (Pierce Brosnan)--to get pregnant, the words, initially used to refer to a strong rush of maternal instinct, take on an increasingly sinister timbre. Is it really just "mommy brain" that's causing Lucy to become suspicious of Hindle, or is the term being used to gaslight her? The final answer seems to be: a little bit of both.

Family history is a major risk factor for many types of cancer. Mendelian risk prediction models translate family histories into cancer risk predictions based on knowledge of cancer susceptibility genes. These models are widely used in clinical practice to help identify high-risk individuals. Mendelian models leverage the entire family history, but they rely on many assumptions about cancer susceptibility genes that are either unrealistic or challenging to validate due to low mutation prevalence. Training more flexible models, such as neural networks, on large databases of pedigrees can potentially lead to accuracy gains. In this paper, we develop a framework to apply neural networks to family history data and investigate their ability to learn inherited susceptibility to cancer. While there is an extensive literature on neural networks and their state-of-the-art performance in many tasks, there is little work applying them to family history data. We propose adaptations of fully-connected neural networks and convolutional neural networks to pedigrees. In data simulated under Mendelian inheritance, we demonstrate that our proposed neural network models are able to achieve nearly optimal prediction performance. Moreover, when the observed family history includes misreported cancer diagnoses, neural networks are able to outperform the Mendelian BRCAPRO model embedding the correct inheritance laws. Using a large dataset of over 200,000 family histories, the Risk Service cohort, we train prediction models for future risk of breast cancer. We validate the models using data from the Cancer Genetics Network.

Critical role of Internet of Things (IoT) in various domains like smart city, healthcare, supply chain and transportation has made them the target of malicious attacks. Past works in this area focused on centralized Intrusion Detection System (IDS), assuming the existence of a central entity to perform data analysis and identify threats. However, such IDS may not always be feasible, mainly due to spread of data across multiple sources and gathering at central node can be costly. Also, the earlier works primarily focused on improving True Positive Rate (TPR) and ignored the False Positive Rate (FPR), which is also essential to avoid unnecessary downtime of the systems. In this paper, we first present an architecture for IDS based on hybrid ensemble model, named PHEC, which gives improved performance compared to state-of-the-art architectures. We then adapt this model to a federated learning framework that performs local training and aggregates only the model parameters. Next, we propose Noise-Tolerant PHEC in centralized and federated settings to address the label-noise problem. The proposed idea uses classifiers using weighted convex surrogate loss functions. Natural robustness of KNN classifier towards noisy data is also used in the proposed architecture. Experimental results on four benchmark datasets drawn from various security attacks show that our model achieves high TPR while keeping FPR low on noisy and clean data. Further, they also demonstrate that the hybrid ensemble models achieve performance in federated settings close to that of the centralized settings.

The usual way of evaluating prediction output is with the accuracy metric, where we indicate a match (1) or a no match (0). However, this does not provide enough granularity to effectively assess OCR performance. We should instead use error rates to determine the extent to which the OCR transcribed text and ground truth text (i.e. A common intuition is to see how many characters were misspelled. While this is correct, the actual error rate calculation is more complex than that.

De-Sheng Chen,* Tong-Fu Wang,* Jia-Wang Zhu, Bo Zhu, Zeng-Liang Wang, Jian-Gang Cao, Cai-Hong Feng, Jun-Wei Zhao Department of Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy, Tianjin Hospital of Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Correspondence: Jia-Wang Zhu Department of Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy, Tianjin Hospital of Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China Email [email protected] Purpose: We aim to present an unsupervised machine learning application in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture and evaluate whether supervised machine learning-derived radiomics features enable prediction of ACL rupture accurately. Patients and Methods: Sixty-eight patients were reviewed. Their demographic features were recorded, radiomics features were extracted, and the input dataset was defined as a collection of demographic features and radiomics features. The input dataset was automatically classified by the unsupervised machine learning algorithm. Then, we used a supervised machine learning algorithm to construct a radiomics model.

Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) questionnaire has frequently been used for efficient depression preliminary screening. However, the uncontrollable self-administered measure can be easily affected by insouciantly or deceptively answering, and producing the different results with the clinician-administered Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the final diagnosis. Clinically, facial expression (FE) and actions play a vital role in clinician-administered evaluation, while FE and action are underexplored for self-administered evaluations. In this work, we collect a novel dataset of 200 subjects to evidence the validity of self-rating questionnaires with their corresponding question-wise video recording. To automatically interpret depression from the SDS evaluation and the paired video, we propose an end-to-end hierarchical framework for the long-term variable-length video, which is also conditioned on the questionnaire results and the answering time. Specifically, we resort to a hierarchical model which utilizes a 3D CNN for local temporal pattern exploration and a redundancy-aware self-attention (RAS) scheme for question-wise global feature aggregation. Targeting for the redundant long-term FE video processing, our RAS is able to effectively exploit the correlations of each video clip within a question set to emphasize the discriminative information and eliminate the redundancy based on feature pair-wise affinity. Then, the question-wise video feature is concatenated with the questionnaire scores for final depression detection. Our thorough evaluations also show the validity of fusing SDS evaluation and its video recording, and the superiority of our framework to the conventional state-of-the-art temporal modeling methods.

The significant increase in the number of individuals with chronic ailments (including the elderly and disabled) has dictated an urgent need for an innovative model for healthcare systems. The evolved model will be more personalized and less reliant on traditional brick-and-mortar healthcare institutions such as hospitals, nursing homes, and long-term healthcare centers. The smart healthcare system is a topic of recently growing interest and has become increasingly required due to major developments in modern technologies, especially in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). This paper is aimed to discuss the current state-of-the-art smart healthcare systems highlighting major areas like wearable and smartphone devices for health monitoring, machine learning for disease diagnosis, and the assistive frameworks, including social robots developed for the ambient assisted living environment. Additionally, the paper demonstrates software integration architectures that are very significant to create smart healthcare systems, integrating seamlessly the benefit of data analytics and other tools of AI. The explained developed systems focus on several facets: the contribution of each developed framework, the detailed working procedure, the performance as outcomes, and the comparative merits and limitations. The current research challenges with potential future directions are addressed to highlight the drawbacks of existing systems and the possible methods to introduce novel frameworks, respectively. This review aims at providing comprehensive insights into the recent developments of smart healthcare systems to equip experts to contribute to the field.