In this paper we propose a novel method for semi-supervised anomaly detection (SSAD). Our classifier is named QMS22 as its inception was dated 2022 upon the framework of quadratic multiform separation (QMS), a recently introduced classification model. QMS22 tackles SSAD by solving a multi-class classification problem involving both the training set and the test set of the original problem. The classification problem intentionally includes classes with overlapping samples. One of the classes contains mixture of normal samples and outliers, and all other classes contain only normal samples. An outlier score is then calculated for every sample in the test set using the outcome of the classification problem. We also include performance evaluation of QMS22 against top performing classifiers using ninety-five benchmark imbalanced datasets from the KEEL repository. These classifiers are BRM (Bagging-Random Miner), OCKRA (One-Class K-means with Randomly-projected features Algorithm), ISOF (Isolation Forest), and ocSVM (One-Class Support Vector Machine). It is shown by using the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve as the performance measure, QMS22 significantly outperforms ISOF and ocSVM. Moreover, the Wilcoxon signed-rank tests reveal that there is no statistically significant difference when testing QMS22 against BRM nor QMS22 against OCKRA.

Human activity recognition (HAR) with wearables is promising research that can be widely adopted in many smart healthcare applications. In recent years, the deep learning-based HAR models have achieved impressive recognition performance. However, most HAR algorithms are susceptible to the multi-class windows problem that is essential yet rarely exploited. In this paper, we propose to relieve this challenging problem by introducing the segmentation technology into HAR, yielding joint activity segmentation and recognition. Especially, we introduce the Multi-Stage Temporal Convolutional Network (MS-TCN) architecture for sample-level activity prediction to joint segment and recognize the activity sequence. Furthermore, to enhance the robustness of HAR against the inter-class similarity and intra-class heterogeneity, a multi-level contrastive loss, containing the sample-level and segment-level contrast, has been proposed to learn a well-structured embedding space for better activity segmentation and recognition performance. Finally, with comprehensive experiments, we verify the effectiveness of the proposed method on two public HAR datasets, achieving significant improvements in the various evaluation metrics.

This paper presents a first end-to-end application of a Quantum Support Vector Machine (QSVM) algorithm for a classification problem in the financial payment industry using the IBM Safer Payments and IBM Quantum Computers via the Qiskit software stack. Based on real card payment data, a thorough comparison is performed to assess the complementary impact brought in by the current state-of-the-art Quantum Machine Learning algorithms with respect to the Classical Approach. A new method to search for best features is explored using the Quantum Support Vector Machine's feature map characteristics. The results are compared using fraud specific key performance indicators: Accuracy, Recall, and False Positive Rate, extracted from analyses based on human expertise (rule decisions), classical machine learning algorithms (Random Forest, XGBoost) and quantum based machine learning algorithms using QSVM. In addition, a hybrid classical-quantum approach is explored by using an ensemble model that combines classical and quantum algorithms to better improve the fraud prevention decision. We found, as expected, that the results highly depend on feature selections and algorithms that are used to select them. The QSVM provides a complementary exploration of the feature space which led to an improved accuracy of the mixed quantum-classical method for fraud detection, on a drastically reduced data set to fit current state of Quantum Hardware.

Terahertz (THz) wireless networks are expected to catalyze the beyond fifth generation (B5G) era. However, due to the directional nature and the line-of-sight demand of THz links, as well as the ultra-dense deployment of THz networks, a number of challenges that the medium access control (MAC) layer needs to face are created. In more detail, the need of rethinking user association and resource allocation strategies by incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) capable of providing "real-time" solutions in complex and frequently changing environments becomes evident. Moreover, to satisfy the ultra-reliability and low-latency demands of several B5G applications, novel mobility management approaches are required. Motivated by this, this article presents a holistic MAC layer approach that enables intelligent user association and resource allocation, as well as flexible and adaptive mobility management, while maximizing systems' reliability through blockage minimization. In more detail, a fast and centralized joint user association, radio resource allocation, and blockage avoidance by means of a novel metaheuristic-machine learning framework is documented, that maximizes the THz networks performance, while minimizing the association latency by approximately three orders of magnitude. To support, within the access point (AP) coverage area, mobility management and blockage avoidance, a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach for beam-selection is discussed. Finally, to support user mobility between coverage areas of neighbor APs, a proactive hand-over mechanism based on AI-assisted fast channel prediction is~reported.

Human-AI collaboration for decision-making strives to achieve team performance that exceeds the performance of humans or AI alone. However, many factors can impact success of Human-AI teams, including a user's domain expertise, mental models of an AI system, trust in recommendations, and more. This work examines users' interaction with three simulated algorithmic models, all with similar accuracy but different tuning on their true positive and true negative rates. Our study examined user performance in a non-trivial blood vessel labeling task where participants indicated whether a given blood vessel was flowing or stalled. Our results show that while recommendations from an AI-Assistant can aid user decision making, factors such as users' baseline performance relative to the AI and complementary tuning of AI error types significantly impact overall team performance. Novice users improved, but not to the accuracy level of the AI. Highly proficient users were generally able to discern when they should follow the AI recommendation and typically maintained or improved their performance. Mid-performers, who had a similar level of accuracy to the AI, were most variable in terms of whether the AI recommendations helped or hurt their performance. In addition, we found that users' perception of the AI's performance relative on their own also had a significant impact on whether their accuracy improved when given AI recommendations. This work provides insights on the complexity of factors related to Human-AI collaboration and provides recommendations on how to develop human-centered AI algorithms to complement users in decision-making tasks.

Benefiting from the digitization of healthcare data and the development of computing power, machine learning methods are increasingly used in the healthcare domain. Fairness problems have been identified in machine learning for healthcare, resulting in an unfair allocation of limited healthcare resources or excessive health risks for certain groups. Therefore, addressing the fairness problems has recently attracted increasing attention from the healthcare community. However, the intersection of machine learning for healthcare and fairness in machine learning remains understudied. In this review, we build the bridge by exposing fairness problems, summarizing possible biases, sorting out mitigation methods and pointing out challenges along with opportunities for the future.

The Internet is the most complex machine humankind has ever built, and how to defense it from intrusions is even more complex. With the ever increasing of new intrusions, intrusion detection task rely on Artificial Intelligence more and more. Interpretability and transparency of the machine learning model is the foundation of trust in AI-driven intrusion detection results. Current interpretation Artificial Intelligence technologies in intrusion detection are heuristic, which is neither accurate nor sufficient. This paper proposed a rigorous interpretable Artificial Intelligence driven intrusion detection approach, based on artificial immune system. Details of rigorous interpretation calculation process for a decision tree model is presented. Prime implicant explanation for benign traffic flow are given in detail as rule for negative selection of the cyber immune system. Experiments are carried out in real-life traffic.

Sophisticated traffic analytics, such as the encrypted traffic analytics and unknown malware detection, emphasizes the need for advanced methods to analyze the network traffic. Traditional methods of using fixed patterns, signature matching, and rules to detect known patterns in network traffic are being replaced with AI (Artificial Intelligence) driven algorithms. However, the absence of a high-performance AI networking-specific framework makes deploying real-time AI-based processing within networking workloads impossible. In this paper, we describe the design of Traffic Analytics Development Kits (TADK), an industry-standard framework specific for AI-based networking workloads processing. TADK can provide real-time AI-based networking workload processing in networking equipment from the data center out to the edge without the need for specialized hardware (e.g., GPUs, Neural Processing Unit, and so on). We have deployed TADK in commodity WAF and 5G UPF, and the evaluation result shows that TADK can achieve a throughput up to 35.3Gbps per core on traffic feature extraction, 6.5Gbps per core on traffic classification, and can decrease SQLi/XSS detection down to 4.5us per request with higher accuracy than fixed pattern solution.

Financial regulators across Europe continue to levy steep enforcement fines against banks for failures to comply with know-your-customer (KYC) and anti-money laundering (AML) regulations. At the end of 2021, the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) fined two of the UK's largest banks, HSBC and NatWest, a total of £328.95 million ($436.1 million) for failings in their money laundering processes. Meanwhile, members of the European Parliament are calling for cryptocurrencies to be governed by the European Commission's Anti-Money Laundering Authority, as illicit organisations continue to find new methods for laundering money through the financial system. Money laundering is a process that criminals use to hide the illegal source of their funds. By passing money through multiple, sometimes complex, transfers and transactions, the money is "cleaned" of its illegitimate origin and made to appear as legitimate business profits.

Describe the input and output of a classification model Prepare data with feature engineering techniques Tackle both binary and multiclass classification problems Implement Support Vector Machines, Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors, Neural Networks, logistic regression models on Python Use a variety of performance metrics such as confusion matrix, accuracy, precision, recall, ROC curve and AUC score. Use a variety of performance metrics such as confusion matrix, accuracy, precision, recall, ROC curve and AUC score. Artificial intelligence and machine learning are touching our everyday lives in more-and-more ways. There's an endless supply of industries and applications that machine learning can make more efficient and intelligent. Supervised machine learning is the underlying method behind a large part of this.