New computational algorithms make it possible to build neural networks with many input nodes and many layers, and distinguish "deep learning" of these networks from previous work on artificial neural nets.
Our environment is riddled with sensory stimuli that are noisy, ambiguous, and often incomplete, necessitating organisms to handle uncertainty in their sensory observations.
While existing approaches only model finite, discrete fidelities, in practice, the feasible fidelity choice is often infinite, which can correspond to a continuous mesh spacing orfinite element length.
Modern deep neural networks areoverparameterizedwith respect to the amount of training data and achieve zero training error, yet generalize well on test data.