Adaptive parameterization is a means of increasing this flexibility and thereby increasing the model's capacity to learn non-linear patterns. We focus on the feed-forward layer, f(x):= φ(W x+b),for some activation functionφ: R 7 R. Define the pre-activation layer as a = A(x):= Wx+band denote byg(a):= φ(a)/athe activation effect ofφgivena, where divisioniselement-wise.

Notably, most real-world homophilic and heterophilic graphs are comprised of a mixture of nodes in both homophilic and heterophilic structural patterns, exhibiting a structural disparity.

Neural Information Processing Systems http://nips.cc/

Recent language models have shown impressive multilingual performance, even when not explicitly trained for it. Despite this, there are concerns about the quality of their outputs across different languages. In this paper, we show how disparity in the treatment of different languages arises at the tokenization stage, well before a model is even invoked. The same text translated into different languages can have drastically different tok-enization lengths, with differences up to 15 times in some cases. These disparities persist even for tokenizers that are intentionally trained for multilingual support.

Neural Information Processing Systems http://nips.cc/

Neural Information Processing Systems http://nips.cc/