New computational algorithms make it possible to build neural networks with many input nodes and many layers, and distinguish "deep learning" of these networks from previous work on artificial neural nets.
The problem is challenging as it requires not only the reconstruction of visible parts but also the hallucination of invisible regions. Consequently, this problem is often ill-posed and corresponds to multiple plausible solutions because of insufficient evidence from a single image.
These works assume an arbitrary neural network with no prior knowledge of decoding algorithms, and accordingly, face the challenge of learning a decoding algorithm.
Our environment is riddled with sensory stimuli that are noisy, ambiguous, and often incomplete, necessitating organisms to handle uncertainty in their sensory observations.