Deep Learning
Complete Intelligence Superforecasting Streamlined
The Complete Intelligence Global Cognitive System (GCS) was developed using Basic AI in 2015, and subsequently moved to a ML environment in 2016. In 2018, we expanded our analytic processes to harness the power of Deep Learning. At present, we are moving forward into the area of Reinforcement Learning to further improve our predictive efficiency. We begin our analytics with one of the world's largest global trade models that looks at more than 1,400 different industries and over 100 reporting countries. This is combined with thousands of commodities, equity indices, currencies and economic indicators to create a comprehensive model.
Introduction to Encoder-Decoder Models -- ELI5 Way
My name is Niranjan Kumar and I'm a Senior Consultant Data Science at Allstate India. In this article, we will discuss the basic concepts of Encoder-Decoder models and it's applications in some of the tasks like language modeling, image captioning, text entailment, and machine transliteration. Citation Note: The content and the structure of this article is based on my understanding of the deep learning lectures from One-Fourth Labs -- PadhAI. Before we discuss the concepts of Encoder-Decoder models, we will start by revisiting the task of language modeling. Language Modeling is the task of predicting what word/letter comes next.
Understanding Convolution Neural Networks -- the ELI5 way
Universal Approximation Theorem says that Feed-Forward Neural Network (also known as Multi-layered Network of Neurons) can act as powerful approximators to learn the non-linear relationship between the input and output. But the problem with the Feed-Forward Neural Network is that the network is prone to overfitting due to the presence of many parameters within the network to learn. Can we have another type of neural network that can learn complex non-linear relationship but with fewer parameters and hence prone to overfitting?. Convolution Neural Network (CNN) is another type of neural network that can be used to enable machines to visualize things and perform tasks such as image classification, image recognition, object detection, instance segmentation etc…are some of the most common areas where CNN's are used. In this article, we will explore the workings of the Convolution Neural Network in-depth.
How to Become A Machine Learning Engineer How To Learn Machine Learning Intellipaat
It is a 32 hrs instructor led machine learning training provided by Intellipaat which is completely aligned with industry standards and certification bodies. If you've enjoyed this machine learning training, Like us and Subscribe to our channel for more similar machine learning videos and free tutorials. Ask us in the comment section below. Machine learning is one of the fastest growing arms of the domain of artificial intelligence. It has far reaching consequences and in the next couple of years we will be seeing every industry deploying the principles of artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning technologies at scale.
Stacked Auto Encoder Based Deep Reinforcement Learning for Online Resource Scheduling in Large-Scale MEC Networks
Jiang, Feibo, Wang, Kezhi, Dong, Li, Pan, Cunhua, Yang, Kun
An online resource scheduling framework is proposed for minimizing the sum of weighted task latency for all the mobile users, by optimizing offloading decision, transmission power, and resource allocation in the mobile edge computing (MEC) system. Towards this end, a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) method is proposed to obtain an online resource scheduling policy. Firstly, a related and regularized stacked auto encoder (2r-SAE) with unsupervised learning is proposed to perform data compression and representation for high dimensional channel quality information (CQI) data, which can reduce the state space for DRL. Secondly, we present an adaptive simulated annealing based approach (ASA) as the action search method of DRL, in which an adaptive h-mutation is used to guide the search direction and an adaptive iteration is proposed to enhance the search efficiency during the DRL process. Thirdly, a preserved and prioritized experience replay (2p-ER) is introduced to assist the DRL to train the policy network and find the optimal offloading policy. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve near-optimal performance while significantly decreasing the computational time compared with existing benchmarks. It also shows that the proposed framework is suitable for resource scheduling problem in large-scale MEC networks, especially in the dynamic environment.
PDE-based Group Equivariant Convolutional Neural Networks
Smets, Bart, Portegies, Jim, Bekkers, Erik, Duits, Remco
We present a PDE-based framework that generalizes Group equivariant Convolutional Neural Networks (G-CNNs). In this framework, a network layer is seen as a set of PDE-solvers where the equation's geometrically meaningful coefficients become the layer's trainable weights. Formulating our PDEs on homogeneous spaces allows these networks to be designed with built-in symmetries such as rotation equivariance instead of being restricted to just translation equivariance as in traditional CNNs. Having all the desired symmetries included in the design obviates the need to include them by means of costly techniques such as data augmentation. Roto-translation equivariance for image analysis applications is the example we will be using throughout the paper. Our default PDE is solved by a combination of linear group convolutions and non-linear morphological group convolutions. Just like for linear convolution a morphological convolution is specified by a kernel and this kernel is what is being optimized during the training process. We demonstrate how the common CNN operations of max/min-pooling and ReLUs arise naturally from solving a PDE and how they are subsumed by morphological convolutions. We present a proof-of-concept experiment to demonstrate the potential of this framework in increasing the performance of deep learning based imaging applications.
MagNet: Discovering Multi-agent Interaction Dynamics using Neural Network
Saha, Priyabrata, Ali, Arslan, Mudassar, Burhan A., Long, Yun, Mukhopadhyay, Saibal
MagNet: Discovering Multi-agent Interaction Dynamics using Neural Network Priyabrata Saha, Arslan Ali, Burhan A. Mudassar, Y un Long and Saibal Mukhopadhyay Abstract -- We present the MagNet, a multi-agent interaction network to discover governing dynamics and predict evolution of a complex system from observations. We formulate a multi-agent system as a coupled nonlinear network with a generic ordinary differential equation (ODE) based state evolution, and develop a neural network based realization of its time-discretized model. MagNet is trained to discover the core dynamics of a multi-agent system from observations, and tuned online to learn agent-specific parameters of the dynamics to ensure accurate prediction even when physical or relational attributes of agents, or number of agents change. We evaluate MagNet on point-mass system in two-dimensional space, Ku-ramoto phase synchronization dynamics and predator-swarm interaction dynamics demonstrating orders of magnitude improvement in prediction accuracy over traditional deep learning models. I NTRODUCTION Multi-agent systems are prevalent in both the natural world and engineered world. Engineered distributed systems of mobile robots, multiple sensors, unmanned aerial vehicles etc. often take inspiration from natural multi-agent systems like swarms, schools, flocks, and herds of social animals or birds. Understanding the behavior of such natural or engineered multi-agent systems from sensory observations is a key challenge in robotics from the design and adversarial perspective. Discovering the hidden dynamics of a multi-agent interaction from observations will enable machines to simulate and predict evolution of complex systems.
MT-BioNER: Multi-task Learning for Biomedical Named Entity Recognition using Deep Bidirectional Transformers
Khan, Muhammad Raza, Ziyadi, Morteza, AbdelHady, Mohamed
Conversational agents such as Cortana, Alexa and Siri are continuously working on increasing their capabilities by adding new domains. The support of a new domain includes the design and development of a number of NLU components for domain classification, intents classification and slots tagging (including named entity recognition). Each component only performs well when trained on a large amount of labeled data. Second, these components are deployed on limited-memory devices which requires some model compression. Third, for some domains such as the health domain, it is hard to find a single training data set that covers all the required slot types. To overcome these mentioned problems, we present a multi-task transformer-based neural architecture for slot tagging. We consider the training of a slot tagger using multiple data sets covering different slot types as a multi-task learning problem. The experimental results on the biomedical domain have shown that the proposed approach outperforms the previous state-of-the-art systems for slot tagging on the different benchmark biomedical datasets in terms of (time and memory) efficiency and effectiveness. The output slot tagger can be used by the conversational agent to better identify entities in the input utterances.
PairNets: Novel Fast Shallow Artificial Neural Networks on Partitioned Subspaces
Traditionally, an artificial neural network (ANN) is trained slowly by a gradient descent algorithm such as the backpropagation algorithm since a large number of hyperparameters of the ANN need to be fine-tuned with many training epochs. To highly speed up training, we created a novel shallow 4-layer ANN called "Pairwise Neural Network" ("PairNet") with high-speed hyperparameter optimization. In addition, a value of each input is partitioned into multiple intervals, and then an n-dimensional space is partitioned into M n-dimensional subspaces. M local PairNets are built in M partitioned local n-dimensional subspaces. A local PairNet is trained very quickly with only one epoch since its hyperparameters are directly optimized one-time via simply solving a system of linear equations by using the multivariate least squares fitting method. Simulation results for three regression problems indicated that the PairNet achieved much higher speeds and lower average testing mean squared errors (MSEs) for the three cases, and lower average training MSEs for two cases than the traditional ANNs. A significant future work is to develop better and faster optimization algorithms based on intelligent methods and parallel computing methods to optimize both partitioned subspaces and hyperparameters to build the fast and effective PairNets for applications in big data mining and real-time machine learning.
Low-rank Gradient Approximation For Memory-Efficient On-device Training of Deep Neural Network
Gooneratne, Mary, Sim, Khe Chai, Zadrazil, Petr, Kabel, Andreas, Beaufays, Françoise, Motta, Giovanni
Training machine learning models on mobile devices has the potential of improving both privacy and accuracy of the models. However, one of the major obstacles to achieving this goal is the memory limitation of mobile devices. Reducing training memory enables models with high-dimensional weight matrices, like automatic speech recognition (ASR) models, to be trained on-device. In this paper, we propose approximating the gradient matrices of deep neural networks using a low-rank parameterization as an avenue to save training memory. The low-rank gradient approximation enables more advanced, memory-intensive optimization techniques to be run on device. Our experimental results show that we can reduce the training memory by about 33.0% for Adam optimization. It uses comparable memory to momentum optimization and achieves a 4.5% relative lower word error rate on an ASR personalization task.