The workshop marked the official beginning of AI history. But as the two-month effort--and many others that followed--only proved that human intelligence is very complicated, and the complexity becomes more evident as you try to replicate it. That is why, despite six decades of research and development, we still don't have AI that rivals the cognitive abilities of a human child, let alone one that can think like an adult. What we do have, however, is a field of science that is split into two different categories: artificial narrow intelligence (ANI), what we have today, and artificial general intelligence (AGI), what we hope to achieve. Defining artificial general intelligence is very difficult.

Deep learning (DL) has great influence on large parts of science and increasingly established itself as an adaptive method for new challenges in the field of Earth observation (EO). Nevertheless, the entry barriers for EO researchers are high due to the dense and rapidly developing field mainly driven by advances in computer vision (CV). To lower the barriers for researchers in EO, this review gives an overview of the evolution of DL with a focus on image segmentation and object detection in convolutional neural networks (CNN). The survey starts in 2012, when a CNN set new standards in image recognition, and lasts until late 2019. Thereby, we highlight the connections between the most important CNN architectures and cornerstones coming from CV in order to alleviate the evaluation of modern DL models.

Tissue biopsy slides stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) dyes are a cornerstone of histopathology, especially for pathologists needing to diagnose and determine the stage of cancers. A research team led by MIT scientists at the Media Lab, in collaboration with clinicians at Stanford University School of Medicine and Harvard Medical School, now shows that digital scans of these biopsy slides can be stained computationally, using deep learning algorithms trained on data from physically dyed slides. Pathologists who examined the computationally stained H&E slide images in a blind study could not tell them apart from traditionally stained slides while using them to accurately identify and grade prostate cancers. What's more, the slides could also be computationally "de-stained" in a way that resets them to an original state for use in future studies, the researchers conclude in their May 20 study published in JAMA Network. This process of computational digital staining and de-staining preserves small amounts of tissue biopsied from cancer patients and allows researchers and clinicians to analyze slides for multiple kinds of diagnostic and prognostic tests, without needing to extract additional tissue sections.

From Star Trek's Data and 2001's HAL to Columbus Day's Skippy the Magnificent, pop culture is chock full of fully conscious AI who, in many cases, are more human than the humans they serve alongside. But is all that self-actualization really necessary for these synthetic life forms to carry out their essential duties? In his new book, How to Grow a Robot: Developing Human-Friendly, Social AI, author Mark H. Lee examines the social shortcomings of the today's AI and delves into the promises and potential pitfalls surrounding deep learning techniques, currently believed to be our most effective tool at building robots capable of doing more than a handful of specialized tasks. In the excerpt below, Lee argues that the robots of tomorrow don't necessarily need -- nor should they particularly seek out -- the feelings and experiences that make up the human condition. Although I argue for self-awareness, I do not believe that we need to worry about consciousness.

Python provides a lot of libraries to help developers with their work. Which of them will be the most popular in 2020? And which are worth your time? Here are our picks for the 13 top Python libraries. Python is one of the most popular programming languages.

How to setup TensorFlow on Ubuntu - This tutorial will help you set up TensorFlow 1.12 on Ubuntu 16.04 with a GPU using Docker and nvidia-docker. TensorFlow is one of the most popular deep-learning libraries. It was created by Google and was released as an open-source project in 2015. TensorFlow is used for both research and production environments. Installing TensorFlow can be cumbersome. The difficulty varies based on your environment constraints, and more when you're a data scientist that just wants to build your neural networks.

This course is about deep learning fundamentals and convolutional neural networks. Convolutional neural networks are one of the most successful deep learning approaches: self-driving cars rely heavily on this algorithm. First you will learn about densly connected neural networks and its problems. The next chapter are about convolutional neural networks: theory as well as implementation in Java with the deeplearning4j library. The last chapters are about recurrent neural networks and the applications!Who this course is for:

In autonomous driving, stereo vision-based depth estimation technology can help to accurately estimate the distance of obstacles, which is crucial for correct path planning of the vehicle. The stereo depth estimation problem has been formulated into a deep learning model with convolutional neural networks. However, these models need a lot of post-processing and do not have strong adaptive capabilities to ill-posed regions or new scenes. In addition, due to the difficulty of labeling the true ground depth for real circumstances, training data for the system is limited. A research team led by Dr. Zhang Qieshi from the Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has proposed a new technical solution to address the current depth estimation for autonomous driving.

This paper uses the peridynamic theory, which is well-suited to crack studies, to predict the crack patterns in a moving disk and classify them according to the modes and finally perform regression analysis. In that way, the crack patterns are obtained according to each mode by Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulation using the peridynamics. Image classification and regression studies are conducted through Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and the neural processes. First, we increased the amount and quality of the data using peridynamics, which can theoretically compensate for the problems of the finite element method (FEM) in generating crack pattern images. Second, we did the case study for the PMB, LPS, and VES models that were obtained using the peridynamic theory. Case studies were performed to classify the images using CNNs and determine the PMB, LBS, and VES models' suitability. Finally, we performed the regression analysis for the images of the crack patterns with neural processes to predict the crack patterns. In the regression problem, by representing the results of the variance according to the epochs, it can be confirmed that the result of the variance is decreased by increasing the epoch numbers through the neural processes. The most critical point of this study is that the neural processes make an accurate prediction even if there are missing or insufficient training data.

The extra trust brought by the model interpretation has made it an indispensable part of machine learning systems. But to explain a distilled model's prediction, one may either work with the student model itself, or turn to its teacher model. This leads to a more fundamental question: if a distilled model should give a similar prediction for a similar reason as its teacher model on the same input? This question becomes even more crucial when the two models have dramatically different structure, taking GBDT2NN for example. This paper conducts an empirical study on the new approach to explaining each prediction of GBDT2NN, and how imitating the explanation can further improve the distillation process as an auxiliary learning task. Experiments on several benchmarks show that the proposed methods achieve better performance on both explanations and predictions.