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Deep Learning Interview Questions

#artificialintelligence

Are you planning to sit for deep learning interviews? Have you perhaps already taken the first step, applied, and sat through the ordeal of several rounds of interviews for a deep learning role and not made the cut? Cracking an interview, especially for a complex role like a deep learning specialist, is a daunting task for most people. Deep learning is a vast field with an ever-changing nature as new developments are rolled out on a regular basis. How can you keep up with the pace? What should you focus on? These are questions every deep learning enthusiast, fresher and even expert has asked themselves at some point.


Google's TF-Coder tool automates machine learning model design

#artificialintelligence

Researchers at Google Brain, one of Google's AI research divisions, developed an automated tool for programming in machine learning frameworks like TensorFlow. They say it achieves better-than-human performance on some challenging development tasks, taking seconds to solve problems that take human programmers minutes to hours. Emerging AI techniques have resulted in breakthroughs across computer vision, audio processing, natural language processing, and robotics. Playing an important role are machine learning frameworks like TensorFlow, Facebook's PyTorch, and MXNet, which enable researchers to develop and refine new models. But while these frameworks have eased the iterating and training of AI models, they have a steep learning curve because the paradigm of computing over tensors is quite different from traditional programming.


BrainChip Simplifies Deep Learning with Launch of MetaTF

#artificialintelligence

WIRE)--BrainChip Holdings Ltd. (ASX: BRN), a leading provider of ultra-low power, high-performance AI technology, introduced MetaTF, a versatile ML framework that allows people working in the convolutional neural network space to quickly and easily move to neuromorphic computing without having to learn anything new, today at Linley Spring Conference 2021. The MetaTF development environment is an easy-to-use, complete machine learning framework for the creation, training and testing of neural networks, supporting the development of systems for Edge AI on BrainChip's Akida event domain neural processor. The MetaTF development environment leverages TensorFlow and Keras for industry-standard neural network development and training and includes the Akida Execution Engine (chip simulator), data-to-event converters, and a model zoo of pre-trained models. The framework leverages the Python scripting language and its associated tools and libraries, including Jupyter notebooks and NumPy. Deep-learning professionals do not need to learn a new framework to start using MetaTF immediately.


Modern Deep Learning in Python

#artificialintelligence

Created by Lazy Programmer Inc. English [Auto], Indonesian [Auto], 6 more Students also bought Advanced AI: Deep Reinforcement Learning in Python Artificial Intelligence: Reinforcement Learning in Python Deep Learning: Recurrent Neural Networks in Python Deep Learning Prerequisites: Logistic Regression in Python Deep Learning Prerequisites: Linear Regression in Python Deep Learning: Advanced Computer Vision (GANs, SSD, More!) Preview this Udemy Course GET COUPON CODE Description This course continues where my first course, Deep Learning in Python, left off. You already know how to build an artificial neural network in Python, and you have a plug-and-play script that you can use for TensorFlow. Neural networks are one of the staples of machine learning, and they are always a top contender in Kaggle contests. If you want to improve your skills with neural networks and deep learning, this is the course for you. You already learned about backpropagation, but there were a lot of unanswered questions.


DC3: A learning method for optimization with hard constraints

arXiv.org Machine Learning

Large optimization problems with hard constraints arise in many settings, yet classical solvers are often prohibitively slow, motivating the use of deep networks as cheap "approximate solvers." Unfortunately, naive deep learning approaches typically cannot enforce the hard constraints of such problems, leading to infeasible solutions. In this work, we present Deep Constraint Completion and Correction (DC3), an algorithm to address this challenge. Specifically, this method enforces feasibility via a differentiable procedure, which implicitly completes partial solutions to satisfy equality constraints and unrolls gradient-based corrections to satisfy inequality constraints. We demonstrate the effectiveness of DC3 in both synthetic optimization tasks and the real-world setting of AC optimal power flow, where hard constraints encode the physics of the electrical grid. In both cases, DC3 achieves near-optimal objective values while preserving feasibility. Traditional approaches to constrained optimization are often expensive to run for large problems, necessitating the use of function approximators. Neural networks are highly expressive and fast to run, making them ideal as function approximators. However, while deep learning has proven its power for unconstrained problem settings, it has struggled to perform well in domains where it is necessary to satisfy hard constraints at test time. For example, in power systems, weather and climate models, materials science, and many other areas, data follows well-known physical laws, and violation of these laws can lead to answers that are unhelpful or even nonsensical.


Breiman's two cultures: You don't have to choose sides

arXiv.org Machine Learning

Breiman's classic paper casts data analysis as a choice between two cultures: data modelers and algorithmic modelers. Stated broadly, data modelers use simple, interpretable models with well-understood theoretical properties to analyze data. Algorithmic modelers prioritize predictive accuracy and use more flexible function approximations to analyze data. This dichotomy overlooks a third set of models $-$ mechanistic models derived from scientific theories (e.g., ODE/SDE simulators). Mechanistic models encode application-specific scientific knowledge about the data. And while these categories represent extreme points in model space, modern computational and algorithmic tools enable us to interpolate between these points, producing flexible, interpretable, and scientifically-informed hybrids that can enjoy accurate and robust predictions, and resolve issues with data analysis that Breiman describes, such as the Rashomon effect and Occam's dilemma. Challenges still remain in finding an appropriate point in model space, with many choices on how to compose model components and the degree to which each component informs inferences.


Explore BiLSTM-CRF-Based Models for Open Relation Extraction

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Extracting multiple relations from text sentences is still a challenge for current Open Relation Extraction (Open RE) tasks. In this paper, we develop several Open RE models based on the bidirectional LSTM-CRF (BiLSTM-CRF) neural network and different contextualized word embedding methods. We also propose a new tagging scheme to solve overlapping problems and enhance models' performance. From the evaluation results and comparisons between models, we select the best combination of tagging scheme, word embedder, and BiLSTM-CRF network to achieve an Open RE model with a remarkable extracting ability on multiple-relation sentences.


Wise-SrNet: A Novel Architecture for Enhancing Image Classification by Learning Spatial Resolution of Feature Maps

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

One of the main challenges since the advancement of convolutional neural networks is how to connect the extracted feature map to the final classification layer. VGG models used two sets of fully connected layers for the classification part of their architectures, which significantly increases the number of models' weights. ResNet and next deep convolutional models used the Global Average Pooling (GAP) layer to compress the feature map and feed it to the classification layer. Although using the GAP layer reduces the computational cost, but also causes losing spatial resolution of the feature map, which results in decreasing learning efficiency. In this paper, we aim to tackle this problem by replacing the GAP layer with a new architecture called Wise-SrNet. It is inspired by the depthwise convolutional idea and is designed for processing spatial resolution and also not increasing computational cost. We have evaluated our method using three different datasets: Intel Image Classification Challenge, MIT Indoors Scenes, and a part of the ImageNet dataset. We investigated the implementation of our architecture on several models of Inception, ResNet and DensNet families. Applying our architecture has revealed a significant effect on increasing convergence speed and accuracy. Our Experiments on images with 224x224 resolution increased the Top-1 accuracy between 2% to 8% on different datasets and models. Running our models on 512x512 resolution images of the MIT Indoors Scenes dataset showed a notable result of improving the Top-1 accuracy within 3% to 26%. We will also demonstrate the GAP layer's disadvantage when the input images are large and the number of classes is not few. In this circumstance, our proposed architecture can do a great help in enhancing classification results. The code is shared at https://github.com/mr7495/image-classification-spatial.


A Bi-Encoder LSTM Model For Learning Unstructured Dialogs

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Creating a data-driven model that is trained on a large dataset of unstructured dialogs is a crucial step in developing Retrieval-based Chatbot systems. This paper presents a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) based architecture that learns unstructured multi-turn dialogs and provides results on the task of selecting the best response from a collection of given responses. Ubuntu Dialog Corpus Version 2 was used as the corpus for training. We show that our model achieves 0.8%, 1.0% and 0.3% higher accuracy for Recall@1, Recall@2 and Recall@5 respectively than the benchmark model. We also show results on experiments performed by using several similarity functions, model hyper-parameters and word embeddings on the proposed architecture


FedSup: A Communication-Efficient Federated Learning Fatigue Driving Behaviors Supervision Framework

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

With the proliferation of edge smart devices and the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) technologies, intelligent fatigue detection has become one of the most-used methods in our daily driving. To improve the performance of the detection model, a series of techniques have been developed. However, existing work still leaves much to be desired, such as privacy disclosure and communication cost. To address these issues, we propose FedSup, a client-edge-cloud framework for privacy and efficient fatigue detection. Inspired by the federated learning technique, FedSup intelligently utilizes the collaboration between client, edge, and cloud server to realizing dynamic model optimization while protecting edge data privacy. Moreover, to reduce the unnecessary system communication overhead, we further propose a Bayesian convolutional neural network (BCNN) approximation strategy on the clients and an uncertainty weighted aggregation algorithm on the cloud to enhance the central model training efficiency. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the FedSup framework is suitable for IoV scenarios and outperforms other mainstream methods.