A new deep-learning model can learn to identify diseases from medical scans faster and more accurately, according to new research by a team of University of Alberta computing scientists and the U of A spinoff company MEDO. The breakthrough model is the work of a team of researchers in the Faculty of Science--including the contributions of Pouneh Gorji, a graduate student lost in Flight PS752. Deep learning is a type of machine learning--a subfield of artificial intelligence; deep learning techniques are computer algorithms that find patterns in large sets of data, producing models that can then be used to make predictions.These models work best when they learn from hundreds of thousands or even millions of examples. But the field of medical diagnostics presents a unique challenge, where researchers typically only have access to a few hundred medical scan images for reasons of privacy. "When a deep-learning model is trained with so few instances, its performance tends to be poor," said Roberto Vega, lead author of the study and graduate student in the Department of Computing Science.

A major limitation of existing methods has been the focus on grid-like data; however, the structure of physiological recordings are often irregular and unordered which makes it difficult to conceptualise them as a matrix. As such, graph neural networks have attracted significant attention by exploiting implicit information that resides in a biological system, with interactive nodes connected by edges whose weights can be either temporal associations or anatomical junctions. We provide an overview of these methods in a systematic manner, organized by their domain of application including functional connectivity, anatomical structure and electrical-based analysis. It has become critical to explore how machine learning and specifically deep learning methods can be exploited to analyse healthcare data. A major limitation of existing methods has been the focus on grid-like data; however, the structure of physiological recordings are often irregular and unordered which makes it difficult to conceptualise them as a matrix.

Welcome to the course on Data Science & Deep Learning for Business 20 Case Studies! This course teaches you how Data Science & Deep Learning can be used to solve real-world business problems and how you can apply these techniques to 20 real-world case studies. Traditional Businesses are hiring Data Scientists in droves, and knowledge of how to apply these techniques in solving their problems will prove to be one of the most valuable skills in the next decade! "I'm only half way through this course, but i have to say WOW. It's so far, a lot better than my Business Analytics MSc I took at UCL. The content is explained better, it's broken down so simply. Some of the Statistical Theory and ML theory lessons are perhaps the best on the internet! "It is pretty different in format, from others.

The research project entails the implementation and optimization of deep learning models for enhanced identification of biomolecules like peptides, proteins and metabolites from data acquired in hundreds of public and in-house liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry experiments. The candidate will use high-end deep learning methods to fully utilize the information contained in the output from these LC-MS experiments, with the aim to vastly reduce both instrument time and expenses. The application must include the following: • A letter of motivation, including details on qualifications within subject area (max. Should your referees wish to send their letters directly to us, please have them use e-mail: anc@sdu.dk And please note that these also need to reach us before deadline.

Adversarial machine learning, a technique that attempts to fool models with deceptive data, is a growing threat in the AI and machine learning research community. The most common reason is to cause a malfunction in a machine learning model. An adversarial attack might entail presenting a model with inaccurate or misrepresentative data as it's training, or introducing maliciously designed data to deceive an already trained model. As the U.S. National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence's 2019 interim report notes, a very small percentage of current AI research goes toward defending AI systems against adversarial efforts. Some systems already used in production could be vulnerable to attack.

A Spiking Neural Network (SNN) (Maass, 1997; Gerstner and Kistler, 2002b; Pfeiffer and Pfeil, 2018) is a neuro-inspired machine learning (ML) model that mimics the spike-based operation of the human brain (Bi and Poo, 1998). The Spike Time Dependent Plasticity (STDP) is a policy for unsupervised learning in rate-encoded SNNs (Bell et al., 1997; Magee and Johnston, 1997; Gerstner and Kistler, 2002a). The STDP relates the expected change in synaptic weights to the timing difference between postsynaptic spikes and presynaptic spikes (Feldman, 2012). Recent works using STDP trained SNNs have demonstrated promising results as an unsupervised learning paradigm for various tasks such as object classification and recognition (She et al., 2021; Diehl and Cook, 2015; Kheradpisheh et al., 2018). The generalizability is a measure of how well an ML model performs on test data that lies outside of the distribution of the training samples (Kawaguchi et al., 2017; Neyshabur et al., 2017). The generalization properties of Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) based training for deep neural network (DNN) have received significant attention in recent years (Poggio et al., 2019; Allen-Zhu et al., 2018; Allen-Zhu and Li, 2019). The dynamics of SGD have been studied via models of stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics with an assumption that gradient noise is Gaussian (Simsekli et al., 2020b). Here SGD is considered to be driven by a Brownian motion. Chen et al. showed that SGD dynamics commonly exhibit highly anisotropic and dynamic-changing properties (Chen et al., 2020), suggesting the presence of

Data-driven discovery of partial differential equations (PDEs) has achieved considerable development in recent years. Several aspects of problems have been resolved by sparse regression-based and neural network-based methods. However, the performances of existing methods lack stability when dealing with complex situations, including sparse data with high noise, high-order derivatives and shock waves, which bring obstacles to calculating derivatives accurately. Therefore, a robust PDE discovery framework, called the robust deep learning-genetic algorithm (R-DLGA), that incorporates the physics-informed neural network (PINN), is proposed in this work. In the framework, a preliminary result of potential terms provided by the deep learning-genetic algorithm is added into the loss function of the PINN as physical constraints to improve the accuracy of derivative calculation. It assists to optimize the preliminary result and obtain the ultimately discovered PDE by eliminating the error compensation terms. The stability and accuracy of the proposed R-DLGA in several complex situations are examined for proof-and-concept, and the results prove that the proposed framework is able to calculate derivatives accurately with the optimization of PINN and possesses surprising robustness to complex situations, including sparse data with high noise, high-order derivatives, and shock waves.

Although deep-learning has been successfully applied in a variety of science and engineering problems owing to its strong high-dimensional nonlinear mapping capability, it is of limited use in scientific knowledge discovery. In this work, we propose a deep-learning based framework to discover the macroscopic governing equation of viscous gravity current based on high-resolution microscopic simulation data without the need for prior knowledge of underlying terms. For two typical scenarios with different viscosity ratios, the deep-learning based equations exactly capture the same dominated terms as the theoretically derived equations for describing long-term asymptotic behaviors, which validates the proposed framework. Unknown macroscopic equations are then obtained for describing short-term behaviors, and hidden mechanisms are eventually discovered with deep-learned explainable compensation terms and corresponding coefficients. Consequently, the presented deep-learning framework shows considerable potential for discovering unrevealed intrinsic laws in scientific semantic space from raw experimental or simulation results in data space.

The increased digitalisation and monitoring of the energy system opens up numerous opportunities % and solutions which can help to decarbonise the energy system. Applications on low voltage (LV), localised networks, such as community energy markets and smart storage will facilitate decarbonisation, but they will require advanced control and management. Reliable forecasting will be a necessary component of many of these systems to anticipate key features and uncertainties. Despite this urgent need, there has not yet been an extensive investigation into the current state-of-the-art of low voltage level forecasts, other than at the smart meter level. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the landscape, current approaches, core applications, challenges and recommendations. Another aim of this paper is to facilitate the continued improvement and advancement in this area. To this end, the paper also surveys some of the most relevant and promising trends. It establishes an open, community-driven list of the known LV level open datasets to encourage further research and development.

Understanding the structure of loss landscape of deep neural networks (DNNs) is obviously important. In this work, we prove an embedding principle that the loss landscape of a DNN "contains" all the critical points of all the narrower DNNs. More precisely, we propose a critical embedding such that any critical point, e.g., local or global minima, of a narrower DNN can be embedded to a critical point/hyperplane of the target DNN with higher degeneracy and preserving the DNN output function. The embedding structure of critical points is independent of loss function and training data, showing a stark difference from other nonconvex problems such as protein-folding. Empirically, we find that a wide DNN is often attracted by highly-degenerate critical points that are embedded from narrow DNNs. The embedding principle provides an explanation for the general easy optimization of wide DNNs and unravels a potential implicit low-complexity regularization during the training. Overall, our work provides a skeleton for the study of loss landscape of DNNs and its implication, by which a more exact and comprehensive understanding can be anticipated in the near future.