Generative AI
A Case for Leveraging Generative AI to Expand and Enhance Training in the Provision of Mental Health Services
Lawrence, Hannah R., Stirman, Shannon Wiltsey, Dorison, Samuel, Yun, Taedong, Bell, Megan Jones
Generative artificial intelligence (Generative AI) is transforming healthcare. With this evolution comes optimism regarding the impact it will have on mental health, as well as concern regarding the risks that come with generative AI operating in the mental health domain. Much of the investment in, and academic and public discourse about, AI-powered solutions for mental health has focused on therapist chatbots. Despite the common assumption that chatbots will be the most impactful application of GenAI to mental health, we make the case here for a lower-risk, high impact use case: leveraging generative AI to enhance and scale training in mental health service provision. We highlight key benefits of using generative AI to help train people to provide mental health services and present a real-world case study in which generative AI improved the training of veterans to support one another's mental health. With numerous potential applications of generative AI in mental health, we illustrate why we should invest in using generative AI to support training people in mental health service provision.
ExpertAgent: Enhancing Personalized Education through Dynamic Planning and Retrieval-Augmented Long-Chain Reasoning
Zhu, Binrong, Liu, Guiran, Jiang, Nina
The application of advanced generative artificial intelligence in education is often constrained by the lack of real-time adaptability, personalization, and reliability of the content. To address these challenges, we propose ExpertAgent - an intelligent agent framework designed for personalized education that provides reliable knowledge and enables highly adaptive learning experiences. Therefore, we developed ExpertAgent, an innovative learning agent that provides users with a proactive and personalized learning experience. ExpertAgent dynamic planning of the learning content and strategy based on a continuously updated student model. Therefore, overcoming the limitations of traditional static learning content to provide optimized teaching strategies and learning experience in real time. All instructional content is grounded in a validated curriculum repository, effectively reducing hallucination risks in large language models and improving reliability and trustworthiness.
High-Fidelity Synthetic ECG Generation via Mel-Spectrogram Informed Diffusion Training
Huang, Zhuoyi, Sahoo, Nutan, Kumari, Anamika, Kumar, Girish, Cai, Kexuan, Cao, Shixing, Kang, Yue, Xia, Tian, Chatterjee, Somya, Hausman, Nicholas, Jay, Aidan, Rosenthal, Eric S., Srinivasan, Soundar, Hasan, Sadid, Fedorov, Alex, Vesal, Sulaiman
The development of machine learning for cardiac care is severely hampered by privacy restrictions on sharing real patient electrocardiogram (ECG) data. Although generative AI offers a promising solution, the real-world use of existing model-synthesized ECGs is limited by persistent gaps in trustworthiness and clinical utility. In this work, we address two major shortcomings of current generative ECG methods: insufficient morphological fidelity and the inability to generate personalized, patient-specific physiological signals. To address these gaps, we build on a conditional diffusion-based Structured State Space Model (SSSD-ECG) with two principled innovations: (1) MIDT-ECG (Mel-Spectrogram Informed Diffusion Training), a novel training paradigm with time-frequency domain supervision to enforce physiological structural realism, and (2) multi-modal demographic conditioning to enable patient-specific synthesis. We comprehensively evaluate our approach on the PTB-XL dataset, assessing the synthesized ECG signals on fidelity, clinical coherence, privacy preservation, and downstream task utility. MIDT-ECG achieves substantial gains: it improves morphological coherence, preserves strong privacy guarantees with all metrics evaluated exceeding the baseline by 4-8%, and notably reduces the interlead correlation error by an average of 74%, while demographic conditioning enhances signal-to-noise ratio and personalization. In critical low-data regimes, a classifier trained on datasets supplemented with our synthetic ECGs achieves performance comparable to a classifier trained solely on real data. Together, we demonstrate that ECG synthesizers, trained with the proposed time-frequency structural regularization scheme, can serve as personalized, high-fidelity, privacy-preserving surrogates when real data are scarce, advancing the responsible use of generative AI in healthcare.