A graphical model or probabilistic graphical model (PGM) or structured probabilistic model is a probabilistic model for which a graph expresses the conditional dependence structure between random variables. They are commonly used in probability theory, statistics—particularly Bayesian statistics—and machine learning. (Wikipedia)
Reinforcement learning (RL) is a paradigm in which an agent interacts with its environment, modeled as a Markov Decision Process (MDP), by taking actions and observing rewards.
For example, in personalized medical diagnostics, a model is built based on historical data to facilitate an optimal treatment for a new patient (Bica et al., 2021).