Markovian models, estimating the rate of convergence to equilibrium is critical.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals provide essential information about the heart's

Our primary focus is the identification of the latent structure in measurement models without parametric assumptions such as linearity or Gaussianity.

We provide a closed-form expression for the worst occupation measure.

However, they do not account for transition uncertainty, whereas learning robust policies can be computationally expensive.