In today's dynamic and competitive digital era, companies are leveraging cloud technology, machine learning, and data visualization techniques to reinvent their business processes. The combination of cloud technology, machine learning, and data visualization techniques allows hybrid enterprise networks to hold massive volumes of data and provide employees and customers easy access to these cloud data. These massive collections of complex data sets are facing security challenges. While cloud platforms are more vulnerable to security threats and traditional security technologies are unable to cope with the rapid data explosion in cloud platforms, machine learning powered security solutions and data visualization techniques are playing instrumental roles in detecting security threat, data breaches, and automatic finding software vulnerabilities. The purpose of this paper is to present some of the widely used cloud services, machine learning techniques and data visualization approach and demonstrate how to integrate cloud service, data analytic and machine learning techniques that can be used to detect and reduce cyber risks associated with the modern cloud based infrastructure. In this paper I applied the machine learning supervised classifier to design a model based on wellknown UNSW-NB15 dataset to predict the network behavior metrics and demonstrated how data analytics techniques can be integrated to visualize network traffics.

Range-based localization is ubiquitous: global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) power mobile phone-based navigation, and autonomous mobile robots can use range measurements from a variety of modalities including sonar, radar, and even WiFi signals. Many of these localization systems rely on fixed anchors or beacons with known positions acting as transmitters or receivers. In this work, we answer a fundamental question: given a set of positions we would like to localize, how should beacons be placed so as to minimize localization error? Specifically, we present an information theoretic method for optimally selecting an arrangement consisting of a few beacons from a large set of candidate positions. By formulating localization as maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation, we can cast beacon arrangement as a submodular set function maximization problem. This approach is probabilistically rigorous, simple to implement, and extremely flexible. Furthermore, we prove that the submodular structure of our problem formulation ensures that a greedy algorithm for beacon arrangement has suboptimality guarantees. We compare our method with a number of benchmarks on simulated data and release an open source Python implementation of our algorithm and experiments.

Operating safely and reliably despite continual distribution shifts is vital for high-stakes machine learning applications. This paper builds upon the transformative concept of ``antifragility'' introduced by (Taleb, 2014) as a constructive design paradigm to not just withstand but benefit from volatility. We formally define antifragility in the context of online decision making as dynamic regret's strictly concave response to environmental variability, revealing limitations of current approaches focused on resisting rather than benefiting from nonstationarity. Our contribution lies in proposing potential computational pathways for engineering antifragility, grounding the concept in online learning theory and drawing connections to recent advancements in areas such as meta-learning, safe exploration, continual learning, multi-objective/quality-diversity optimization, and foundation models. By identifying promising mechanisms and future research directions, we aim to put antifragility on a rigorous theoretical foundation in machine learning. We further emphasize the need for clear guidelines, risk assessment frameworks, and interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure responsible application.

Humanoid-Gym is an easy-to-use reinforcement learning (RL) framework based on Nvidia Isaac Gym, designed to train locomotion skills for humanoid robots, emphasizing zero-shot transfer from simulation to the real-world environment. Humanoid-Gym also integrates a sim-to-sim framework from Isaac Gym to Mujoco that allows users to verify the trained policies in different physical simulations to ensure the robustness and generalization of the policies. This framework is verified by RobotEra's XBot-S (1.2-meter tall humanoid robot) and XBot-L (1.65-meter tall humanoid robot) in a real-world environment with zero-shot sim-to-real transfer. The project website and source code can be found at: https://sites.google.com/view/humanoid-gym/.

This study introduces an innovative method for analyzing the impact of various interventions on customer churn, using the potential outcomes framework. We present a new causal model, the tensorized latent factor block hazard model, which incorporates tensor completion methods for a principled causal analysis of customer churn. A crucial element of our approach is the formulation of a 1-bit tensor completion for the parameter tensor. This captures hidden customer characteristics and temporal elements from churn records, effectively addressing the binary nature of churn data and its time-monotonic trends. Our model also uniquely categorizes interventions by their similar impacts, enhancing the precision and practicality of implementing customer retention strategies. For computational efficiency, we apply a projected gradient descent algorithm combined with spectral clustering. We lay down the theoretical groundwork for our model, including its non-asymptotic properties. The efficacy and superiority of our model are further validated through comprehensive experiments on both simulated and real-world applications.

This work presents an efficient approach for accelerating multilevel Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling for large-scale problems using low-fidelity machine learning models. While conventional techniques for large-scale Bayesian inference often substitute computationally expensive high-fidelity models with machine learning models, thereby introducing approximation errors, our approach offers a computationally efficient alternative by augmenting high-fidelity models with low-fidelity ones within a hierarchical framework. The multilevel approach utilizes the low-fidelity machine learning model (MLM) for inexpensive evaluation of proposed samples thereby improving the acceptance of samples by the high-fidelity model. The hierarchy in our multilevel algorithm is derived from geometric multigrid hierarchy. We utilize an MLM to acclerate the coarse level sampling. Training machine learning model for the coarsest level significantly reduces the computational cost associated with generating training data and training the model. We present an MCMC algorithm to accelerate the coarsest level sampling using MLM and account for the approximation error introduced. We provide theoretical proofs of detailed balance and demonstrate that our multilevel approach constitutes a consistent MCMC algorithm. Additionally, we derive conditions on the accuracy of the machine learning model to facilitate more efficient hierarchical sampling. Our technique is demonstrated on a standard benchmark inference problem in groundwater flow, where we estimate the probability density of a quantity of interest using a four-level MCMC algorithm. Our proposed algorithm accelerates multilevel sampling by a factor of two while achieving similar accuracy compared to sampling using the standard multilevel algorithm.

We developed machine learning approaches for data-driven trellis-based soft symbol detection in coded transmission over intersymbol interference (ISI) channels in presence of bursty impulsive noise (IN), for example encountered in wireless digital broadcasting systems and vehicular communications. This enabled us to obtain optimized detectors based on the Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv (BCJR) algorithm while circumventing the use of full channel state information (CSI) for computing likelihoods and trellis state transition probabilities. First, we extended the application of the neural network (NN)-aided BCJR, recently proposed for ISI channels with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). Although suitable for estimating likelihoods via labeling of transmission sequences, the BCJR-NN method does not provide a framework for learning the trellis state transitions. In addition to detection over the joint ISI and IN states we also focused on another scenario where trellis transitions are not trivial: detection for the ISI channel with AWGN with inaccurate knowledge of the channel memory at the receiver. Without access to the accurate state transition matrix, the BCJR- NN performance significantly degrades in both settings. To this end, we devised an alternative approach for data-driven BCJR detection based on the unsupervised learning of a hidden Markov model (HMM). The BCJR-HMM allowed us to optimize both the likelihood function and the state transition matrix without labeling. Moreover, we demonstrated the viability of a hybrid NN and HMM BCJR detection where NN is used for learning the likelihoods, while the state transitions are optimized via HMM. While reducing the required prior channel knowledge, the examined data-driven detectors with learned trellis state transitions achieve bit error rates close to the optimal full CSI-based BCJR, significantly outperforming detection with inaccurate CSI.

Thanks to the explosive developments of data-driven learning methodologies recently, reinforcement learning (RL) emerges as a promising solution to address the legged locomotion problem in robotics. In this manuscript, we propose a novel concurrent teacher-student reinforcement learning architecture for legged locomotion over challenging terrains, based only on proprioceptive measurements in real-world deployment. Different from convectional teacher-student architecture that trains the teacher policy via RL and transfers the knowledge to the student policy through supervised learning, our proposed architecture trains teacher and student policy networks concurrently under the reinforcement learning paradigm. To achieve this, we develop a new training scheme based on conventional proximal policy gradient (PPO) method to accommodate the interaction between teacher policy network and student policy network. The effectiveness of the proposed architecture as well as the new training scheme is demonstrated through extensive indoor and outdoor experiments on quadrupedal robots and point-foot bipedal robot, showcasing robust locomotion over challenging terrains and improved performance compared to two-stage training methods.

Recent innovations from machine learning allow for data unfolding, without binning and including correlations across many dimensions. We describe a set of known, upgraded, and new methods for ML-based unfolding. The performance of these approaches are evaluated on the same two datasets. We find that all techniques are capable of accurately reproducing the particle-level spectra across complex observables. Given that these approaches are conceptually diverse, they offer an exciting toolkit for a new class of measurements that can probe the Standard Model with an unprecedented level of detail and may enable sensitivity to new phenomena.

Sleep is vital for people's physical and mental health, and sound sleep can help them focus on daily activities. Therefore, a sleep study that includes sleep patterns and disorders is crucial to enhancing our knowledge about individuals' health status. The findings on sleep stages and sleep disorders relied on polysomnography and self-report measures, and then the study went through clinical assessments by expert physicians. However, the evaluation process of sleep stage classification and sleep disorder has become more convenient with artificial intelligence applications and numerous investigations focusing on various datasets with advanced algorithms and techniques that offer improved computational ease and accuracy. This study aims to provide a comprehensive, systematic review and meta-analysis of the recent literature to analyze the different approaches and their outcomes in sleep studies, which includes works on sleep stages classification and sleep disorder detection using AI. In this review, 183 articles were initially selected from different journals, among which 80 records were enlisted for explicit review, ranging from 2016 to 2023. Brain waves were the most commonly employed body parameters for sleep staging and disorder studies. The convolutional neural network, the most widely used of the 34 distinct artificial intelligence models, comprised 27%. The other models included the long short-term memory, support vector machine, random forest, and recurrent neural network, which consisted of 11%, 6%, 6%, and 5% sequentially. For performance metrics, accuracy was widely used for a maximum of 83.75% of the cases, the F1 score of 45%, Kappa of 36.25%, Sensitivity of 31.25%, and Specificity of 30% of cases, along with the other metrics. This article would help physicians and researchers get the gist of AI's contribution to sleep studies and the feasibility of their intended work.